16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21-Acetate: An In-Depth Commentary

Historical Development

Back in the late 1950s, researchers started tinkering with corticosteroid molecules, pushing for molecules that could take inflammation down without all the baggage of classic steroids. 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate entered the scene as a modified prednisolone, part of a wave of compounds people designed from the ground up in hopes of achieving stronger therapeutic action with fewer side acts. Looking at patent trails and early pharma journals, you see a clear trend—chemists believed some tweaks to the basic skeleton, like adding a hydroxyl at 16 alpha and an acetate function on carbon 21, would adjust the pharmacokinetics to make a difference for patients needing sustained corticosteroid action. As corticosteroids grew critical for autoimmune and allergic conditions, attention on such specific derivatives only increased, especially after teams demonstrated improved topical and systemic use in animal studies.

Product Overview

16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate, often called by names like prednisolone 16α-hydroxy 21-acetate or “16α-OH-Prednisolone 21-Ac,” stands tall in the synthetic corticosteroid group. The acetate function helps chemical stability and boosts absorption where the body needs it, such as skin or mucosal tissues. It looks close to prednisolone but brings a hydroxyl group at the 16α position, a little tweak that shifts both its physical properties and how enzymes in the body break it down. Pharmaceutical suppliers treat this one as a specialist ingredient for research, formulation, and analytic work with clear documentation and analytical data sheets.

Physical & Chemical Properties

16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate usually appears as an off-white crystalline solid, practically odorless and only slightly soluble in water, which isn’t a surprise for most steroid acetates. Its solubility jumps up in alcohols, chloroform, and other organic solvents, lending itself to many different preparation methods for experimental and pharmaceutical use. It has a melting point typically hovering around 220°C, and the presence of both the acetoxy group at C21 and the hydroxyl at C16α creates a signature in NMR and IR spectra—these details help with substance authentication for quality control. The molecular formula is C23H28O7, and the compound holds a molecular weight of about 416 g/mol. Chemical stability sits quite high at room temperature away from direct sunlight, but stability in formulation depends a lot on keeping humidity low.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

Lab suppliers package 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate in amber glass vials, with clear lot numbers and batch-specific data on purity, commonly exceeding 98% by HPLC. Labels cite CAS, empirical formula, storage conditions—dry and below 25°C—plus expiration dates to keep the risk of degradation low. Product literature includes details on trace solvent residues, compliance with applicable pharmacopeia guidelines, and full chemical traceability. Pharmaceutical uses demand rigorous process validation, so material must pass endotoxin, heavy metal, and microbiological checks before shipment. Material safety data sheets clearly lay out the risks, handling suggestions, and first aid advice that researchers depend on for lab safety.

Preparation Method

Manufacturing follows a well-honed route: starting with prednisolone, chemists expose it to hydroxylation conditions at C16α using biotransformation or chemical means, like selenium dioxide oxidation or microbial strain pathways. Once the precursor picks up that 16α-hydroxy, an acetylation of the 21-hydroxyl with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride comes next. Careful pH tweaks, temperature control, and precipitation steps remove leftover reagents and byproducts, resulting in the solid powder after vacuum drying. Purity and yield depend on stepwise monitoring, crystallization protocols, and a solid filtration setup to avoid product degradation—process engineers check each reaction by TLC or HPLC at multiple points. This isn’t just theory—there’s a fair bit of trial and error in getting reproducible yields above 80%, and the best protocols cut down on unwanted side reactions by controlling reaction times and by using protective groups where necessary.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Besides the core 16α-hydroxyl and 21-acetate configuration, 16A-hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate can undergo further transformation—a popular research target is ester hydrolysis at the 21-acetate, essentially flipping it back to the free alcohol under basic or enzymatic conditions. Reduction reactions on the ketone group at C3 alter pharmacological action and improve local tissue residence for topical steroids. Common derivatives include various esterifications, acetonides, or even conjugation with hydrophilic polymers for longer-lasting injectable formulations. Many research teams modify this backbone to tune anti-inflammatory potential against key pathways like NF-kB or to make analogs that address multi-drug resistant cases in chronic inflammatory disorders.

Synonyms & Product Names

People know this substance by several synonyms: prednisolone 16α-hydroxy-21-acetate, 16α-hydroxy-11β,17α,21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione 21-acetate, HQ 223, and—occasionally in old literature—HPA acetate. Databases and chemical catalogs index it with CAS number 1882-17-7 and list it in structural repositories by the IUPAC name. Catalogs for chemical supply include international language variants and reference numbers for regulatory tracking, making cross-checking sources straightforward for quality assurance teams.

Safety & Operational Standards

Safe handling needs more than gloves and a mask—powdered corticosteroids like this call for a tightly sealed chemical hood, as accidental inhalation or absorption through skin can act like taking a medicinal dose with potential for systemic effects. Material data sheets stress using low-dust techniques and immediately cleaning spills to prevent unintentional exposure. Storage must be cool, dry, and restricted to authorized lab staff, with records kept for volume usage and disposal—this speaks straight to both personal safety and regulatory compliance. Accidental exposure can bring classic steroid side effects, so nearby eyewash and medical consultation matter. Waste disposal follows hazardous protocols, using sealed, clearly labeled containers shipped off by registered chemical disposal providers. This mixes both legal and human responsibility—keeping personnel safe protects everyone’s long-term health and the reputation of any lab or production facility.

Application Area

Research groups studying anti-inflammatory action, steroid metabolism, and even topical drug design pull from this compound’s toolbox. Some studies chase improved local retention of the active steroid, trying to cut down required doses in skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis. Preclinical pharmacologists tap 16A-hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate for model systems looking at metabolic breakdown differences in various tissues, and it’s often a standard reference in corticosteroid pharmacology experiments that examine receptor activation and gene suppression. There’s clinical curiosity in veterinary medicine—especially dermatology and ophthalmology—where topical steroids remain king, and tweaks in the molecule affect both potency and local absorption dramatically. Larger pharma corporations see it as a jumping-off point for prodrugs or second-generation analogs aimed at allergies, asthma, and other inflammation-driven diseases prevalent everywhere.

Research & Development

Modern R&D doesn’t treat this chemical as an endpoint, but as a foundation for fine-tuning glucocorticoid technology. Computational chemists use structural modeling to predict binding affinities across steroid receptor populations, checking proposed analogs for tighter control over anti-inflammatory action. Wet labs run head-to-head stability and penetration studies against similar steroids, mapping absorption profiles in reconstructed human tissue. Teams invest in high-sensitivity analytic methods—LC-MS/MS and NMR—to chase impurities and gain deeper insight into metabolic byproduct patterns after administration. The ultimate goal isn’t just a stronger steroid, but smarter steroid therapy—choosing a structure that minimizes systemic absorption, reduces adverse immunosuppressive effects, and provides targeted, tissue-specific relief. Regulatory science groups also use this molecule to set test methods and performance benchmarks for generics, since subtle changes in structure or impurity patterns lead to differences in safety and action.

Toxicity Research

Animal models and in vitro studies consistently warn that, like any potent glucocorticoid, 16A-hydroxyprednisolone-21-acetate needs a heavy dose of caution—acute exposure at medical doses brings immunosuppression, altered wound healing, and shifts glucose metabolism. Studies in rodents help everyone map out tissue distribution, excretion patterns, and the threshold for organ toxicity, especially in kidneys and liver. Exposure above recommended levels in the lab or through accidental misuse carries the classic set of steroid adverse events: increased infection risk, Cushingoid symptoms, and even behavioral fluctuations. Regulatory filings require a trove of safety, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity data before anyone develops even a topical pharmaceutical product for serious consideration. What you find in the literature backs up the practical lesson—solid protocols for monitoring worker exposure and medical oversight when handling these agents matter every single day.

Future Prospects

Looking down the road, this molecule anchors a whole family of modified steroids, and research keeps uncovering new directions. Advances in delivery methods—liposomes, nanoparticles, and depot injections—might create targeted versions that hold onto therapeutic power with far fewer body-wide effects. As the understanding of steroid receptor diversity and tissue-specific signaling matures, designers could tailor even more specialized analogs. Collaborative efforts between pharmaceutical companies and academic centers keep pushing the molecule’s utility, focusing on areas like ocular or inhaled delivery for chronic inflammatory diseases where precision and potency decide outcomes for millions. With tighter rules around environmental release and occupational exposure, production methods, waste management, and analytical standards set benchmarks all new steroids will have to meet.



What is 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate used for?

Why This Steroid Gets the Spotlight

Corticosteroid medication has shaped how doctors handle inflammation. 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate is no household name, but it comes from a family of drugs that’s been saving lives for decades. Out in the field, rheumatologists, dermatologists, and lung doctors prize compounds like this for their targeted approach to stubborn immune responses.

What’s It Good For?

This drug counts as a corticosteroid, and folks see its use in inflammation-heavy disorders. Doctors use it because it mimics hormones coming from the adrenal glands. Those natural hormones handle stress — and in medicine, their synthetic cousins tamp down runaway immune reactions.

Doctors turn to this steroid for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and certain skin flare-ups, where swelling and pain get out of hand. In asthma, this type of molecule helps calm tight airways, so breaths come easier. Drug guides mention its role with allergies that don’t quit, and with adrenal insufficiency, when the body just can’t make enough of its own steroids to get through the day.

It’s key to give credit where it’s due: similar drugs, including this one, survived controlled clinical studies. Take prednisolone, a close relative. Studies show it gives folks back joint movement and works when other drugs disappoint. Hospital wards rely on this class to curb severe allergic reactions and ease the misery of swelling around nerves. The acetate version, specifically, means slower release into the body—so doctors can stretch out dosing and save people from a daily rollercoaster of symptoms.

Risks of Overuse: No Magic Bullet

The first piece of advice most doctors hand out about corticosteroids is not to get too comfortable. Stories pile up about brittle bones, spiking blood sugars, and risk for infections after long stints on these drugs. That’s not because medication is evil; it’s what steroids do to the immune system, which doesn’t always care what’s friend or foe.

The danger zone appears with long-term use. Bone thinning creeps up, and muscles can shrink from disuse if pain keeps a patient off their feet. I’ve seen folks talk about mood swings or puffy faces on message boards — those steroids do a number on more than just swelling.

What’s the Way Forward?

Looking at the bigger picture, researchers keep working toward options that hit the immune system more accurately and with fewer side effects. In clinics, specialists usually work to keep dosing low, sometimes mixing in other medicines to limit steroid exposure. Regular follow-ups matter. If someone catches side effects early, there are ways to switch course — like adding bone support medications or trying steroid-sparing drugs.

Education makes a difference. Patients who understand the trade-offs (fear vs. function, swelling vs. side effects) play an active part in their care. That creates more trust between patient and doctor, and it’s where better outcomes usually start.

What are the possible side effects of 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate?

Digging into Steroid Treatments

Glucocorticoids have been part of medicine for decades. 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate falls into this group. Doctors turn to it for its anti-inflammatory powers, controlling tough immune reactions and managing pain that laughs in the face of regular painkillers. Steroids like these never come without their flipsides, though. Taking them might feel like a magic fix at first, but from my years in healthcare settings, I’ve seen enough to know that every quick result deserves a close look at long-term impact.

Common Physical Shifts

People start noticing puffiness in the face. Swelling shows up, and the cheeks take on a rounded shape. This “moon face” leaves a mark not just physically, but on self-worth, especially in young folks. Some start seeing bruises where skin used to be tough. The skin thins out. Cuts take their sweet time to heal, opening up runs to the clinic over minor scrapes. Muscles don’t work like they used to either—weakness or soreness in the limbs can creep up even with simple chores.

Watch Blood Sugar and Bones

Steroids like this one mess with how the body handles sugar. Blood glucose might shoot up. Those with diabetes have to be on high alert, checking levels even more. For others, this risk of developing diabetes later grows. Bones don’t stay out of this fight. Chronic steroid use chips away at the strength of bones. Osteoporosis starts early and stays quiet until a nasty fall suddenly changes everything. Breaking a wrist or hip in your fifties because of medicine meant to help becomes a hard pill to swallow.

Immune System Knock-Down

This compound tames the immune system. There is a trade-off here: better control of allergies or inflammation but doors open wider to all kinds of infections. Coughs linger longer. A simple cold sometimes turns into pneumonia, especially in older adults. With COVID-19, the danger jumps even higher for those taking immunosuppressants every day. I remember working through flu seasons with folks on long-term steroids—what might have been a common virus in others sent them straight to the hospital bed.

Mental and Emotional Ripple Effects

People starting 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate often point out shifts in sleep and mood. Some fall into spells of insomnia; sleep won’t come easily. Anxiety can creep in. Outbursts feel out of character. These changes don’t always get discussed enough, but they shape daily life just as much as physical side effects. In extreme cases, paranoia or even hallucinations step in, which take a toll on families and caregivers as well.

Possible Ways Forward

Patients and doctors can take practical steps to manage risks. Regular bone density screens spot problems early. Routine blood sugar checks catch diabetes before it spirals. Wearing a medical alert bracelet helps in emergencies. Eating enough calcium and vitamin D, doing some weight-bearing exercise, these daily habits add up. Doctors lowering the dose or switching to steroids with fewer side effects helps as well. Open conversations between patient and healthcare provider create space for warning signs to be caught quickly. No single approach fits everyone, but honest sharing of concerns and careful observation make all the difference in catching trouble before it sets in deep.

How should 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate be administered?

Understanding the Context

Most folks outside medical or scientific circles won’t stumble across 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate in daily life. This synthetic corticosteroid is a specialized tool in medicine’s toolbox. Doctors turn to it for its strong anti-inflammatory effects, an edge it shares with other steroids in its family. Each steroid comes with its quirks. Use calls for skill and attention, not only to the chemistry but also to the lived reality of people who need it.

Forms and Routes Matter

Administration often means injection. The acetate form usually arrives as a sterile suspension, perfect for intramuscular delivery. Some practitioners may use it in a hospital setting for patients with severe inflammatory conditions, especially when oral drugs can’t do the job. Oral forms or topical creams sit mostly out of the picture for this specific compound. The injectable route gives reliable absorption and steadier blood levels, something critical in treating flare-ups that don’t budge with milder options.

Dosing: Precision Over Guesswork

Shooting in the dark with steroids does more harm than good. This drug works best under tight dosing plans, with adjustments based on the reason for treatment and the person’s size, age, and other health factors. General advice means little. Doctors sometimes start with higher amounts, then dial back as symptoms improve—the goal is to calm inflammation without flooding the body for too long. In kids, extra caution carries even more weight, since side effects such as growth suppression can follow careless dosing.

Safety: Watch for Traps

I’ve seen what happens when steroids get misused. Blood sugar jumps, bones start to thin, and infection risk creeps upward. Injections must take place under sterile conditions. Shortcuts in technique can set off infections right at the spot or even in the bloodstream. Long-term or high-dose use throws wrenches into blood pressure and mental health. That calls for eyes on the patient, not just during the start, but regularly, for as long as the drug remains on the schedule.

Monitoring: More Than a Formality

Lab work becomes the norm, not an afterthought. Bloodwork, blood pressure checks, and sometimes even bone scans may enter the picture, especially for repeated doses. This is where trust between patient and medical team really matters. If you’re getting these injections, questions about mood, weight changes, and infections all deserve honest attention. Adjustments aren’t just about the science—you have to feel comfortable sharing what’s happening in your body.

Education Equals Better Health

Clear information keeps people safe. If a family member needed this drug, I'd push hard to make sure every instruction—no matter how minor—gets explained. Why miss an appointment or stop abruptly? Why tell your doctor about new symptoms, even if they seem unrelated? It all adds up. This approach reduces complications, and in truth, helps families sleep better at night. People deserve to know what’s being put in their bodies and what comes next. That’s a non-negotiable, no matter how rare or routine the drug.

Are there any contraindications for 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate?

Real Experience Makes the Issue Clear

Prednisolone drugs have shaped modern medicine. They bring relief for asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and many other tough conditions. After years of working with doctors and patients, the same warnings echo through every consult: steroids can save lives, but the risks are real, and everyone’s health story looks different. With 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate, safety isn’t just some side note. It’s right in front of us.

Major Contraindications Get Overlooked

Steroids can set off trouble for people fighting infections. Anyone with a current fungal, bacterial, or viral infection runs a higher risk if they start on a corticosteroid like this one. Let’s have an example: a friend caught the flu and got steroids at the same time. Pneumonia followed, and the rebound took months. This kind of complication happens because steroids turn down the immune system’s defenses. Doctors agree: never use these medicines if someone has untreated infections unless absolutely necessary.

Diabetes often worsens with steroids. Blood sugar jumps. Patients who already inject insulin sometimes have to double doses. Hyperglycemia isn’t a theoretical risk. People come back to clinics with blood sugar through the roof—this isn’t a rare side effect, it’s an everyday disruption for diabetics. Blood glucose must be checked more often in these situations, and some people may switch to different meds altogether because the risk is too great.

Hidden Heart and Bone Risks

Heart disease may not always scream for attention, but for anybody with high blood pressure or congestive heart failure, steroids create more strain on the system. Sodium and fluid retention leads to swelling and makes the heart work harder. If you’ve seen someone in the ER with shortness of breath on steroids, it sticks with you. Even a few days into treatment, people start noticing swelling or weight gain. Doctors need to double check baseline heart and kidney function before starting a new prescription.

Bones quietly weaken with chronic steroid use. After months or even weeks at high doses, patients have come back with back pain and compression fractures. Calcium and vitamin D supplements get handed out, but the risk never disappears completely. Young and old, these drugs quietly carve away bone, especially if there’s a family history of osteoporosis.

Better Awareness Means Fewer Problems

Healthcare professionals have a duty to explain the real risks. People don’t always realize steroids can react with so many different medications. For instance, NSAIDs like ibuprofen can seriously increase the chance of stomach ulcers when used together with corticosteroids. This is more than a minor annoyance—bleeding ulcers have sent countless people to emergency rooms. Drug interactions matter, and clear communication backs up better choices.

Better monitoring stops things from getting worse. Blood tests, regular blood pressure checks, and infection screening make a difference. A single slip—like missing a symptom of tuberculosis—has lasting consequences. Patients with a long list of chronic conditions need a tailored risk/benefit conversation. Decision-making works best when patients can genuinely weigh risks and rewards with their doctor’s support.

Steroids helped countless people regain control of their health. Still, it pays to respect the risks and learn from every story—both good and bad.

Can 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate interact with other medications?

Understanding How Medications Mix

Standing at the pharmacy counter with a bag of new prescriptions always makes me pause. Every bottle carries a story, not just about what it can do, but how it might shake hands—or clash—with the others in my medicine cabinet. With 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate, a corticosteroid, the same concern rings true. This drug helps manage inflammation, like other steroids, yet that power comes with a need for real attention.

No Medicine Works in a Bubble

Steroids like 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate don’t work alone. They join a crowded dance floor with other medications, and not every partner complements their moves. From what I’ve seen and learned, this class of drugs often shares the metabolic pathway in the liver, especially through enzymes like cytochrome P450. Put two or three drugs relying on the same enzymes, and the body sometimes gets overwhelmed. That can mean one drug hangs around too long, ramping up side effects, or disappears too fast, losing its purpose.

Common Interactions: The Short List

Start with blood thinners. Many folks take warfarin or related drugs to prevent dangerous clots. Steroids can boost or lessen their effects, shifting the balance between clotting and dangerous bleeding. My neighbor takes both, and his doctor checks his blood thinner levels like clockwork. That regular monitoring speaks volumes—problems can sneak up before you feel them.

Antifungal medications step into the picture next. Drugs like ketoconazole or itraconazole can block the enzymes that break down steroids. That raises steroid concentrations, and people could see swelling, high blood sugar, or a moon-face look—signs the steroid is lingering too long in the system.

Shifting to diabetic medicines, corticosteroids push up blood sugar. For people using insulin or pills to control diabetes, the steroid’s effect turns disease management into a guessing game. I’ve seen friends prick their fingers extra times a day, watching numbers that used to be steady turned wild by a little white pill.

Beyond the Obvious: Other Risks

Steroids can lower the immune system’s guard, so taking them with drugs that do the same, like some cancer medicines or transplant medicines, invites infections to the party. Even simple vaccines can act differently, not building the protection they’re meant to.

Some drugs, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen, can double up with steroids to irritate the stomach. That pairing feels fine at first, but ulcers don’t show up overnight—they build up slowly, causing serious pain down the line.

Being Proactive

People get handed multiple prescriptions and trust they’re safe together. In reality, everyone brings a different body, with its own pace of breaking down and reacting to drugs. Doctors, pharmacists, and patients share the job of keeping track, speaking up about every new medicine. Keeping a running list, even just written on a scrap of paper in a wallet, has saved a few of my friends from rushing back to the ER.

Newer digital platforms let you flag medication interactions. Pharmacies have warning systems for dangerous combos, but nothing beats asking questions, and making sure each provider sees the whole picture.

Smart Steps and Team Effort

No one should go it alone managing tough diseases or complicated drug regimens. Asking direct questions about interactions, keeping all healthcare providers in the loop, and watching out for symptoms that feel off—these steps matter. With steroids like 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate, it’s not just what the drug treats, but what it might change down the line. Protecting health means looking at the big picture, not just the label on the bottle.

16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate
Names
Preferred IUPAC name 21-Acetoxy-16α,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
Other names 16α,17α,21-Trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone 21-acetate
Pronunciation /ˌsɪkstiːnˌeɪˈhaɪdrɒksiˌprɛdˈnɪsəˌloʊnˌtwɛntiˈwʌnˌæsɪˈteɪt/
Preferred IUPAC name 21-acetoxy-16α,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
Other names 16α,17α,21-Trihydroxypregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone 21-acetate
Pronunciation /ˌsɪksˈtiːn eɪ haɪˌdrɒksiˌprɛdˌnɪsəˈloʊn ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn æsɪˌteɪt/
Identifiers
CAS Number 2625-34-9
Beilstein Reference 1850995
ChEBI CHEBI:76270
ChEMBL CHEMBL1588
ChemSpider 31370698
DrugBank DB14653
ECHA InfoCard 100.265.747
EC Number 206-591-8
Gmelin Reference 76211
KEGG C14401
MeSH D009090
PubChem CID 162962
RTECS number WK2975000
UNII 1VA820608F
UN number Not regulated
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DJ233L9Q4G
CAS Number 2625-14-1
Beilstein Reference 3093964
ChEBI CHEBI:76254
ChEMBL CHEMBL469893
ChemSpider 14322638
DrugBank DB14646
ECHA InfoCard 100.265.657
EC Number 256-631-4
Gmelin Reference 94296
KEGG C14422
MeSH D006958
PubChem CID 65440
RTECS number UF5950000
UNII 5DC1Y4FQ2T
UN number UN2811
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID7044362
Properties
Chemical formula C23H30O7
Molar mass 418.477 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline powder
Odor Odorless
Density 1.36 g/cm3
Solubility in water Insoluble in water
log P 0.98
Acidity (pKa) 12.57
Basicity (pKb) 12.44
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -7.9e-6
Refractive index (nD) 1.563
Viscosity Viscous liquid
Dipole moment 6.95 D
Chemical formula C23H30O7
Molar mass 420.503 g/mol
Appearance White crystalline powder
Odor Odorless
Density 1.32 g/cm3
Solubility in water Slightly soluble in water
log P 1.32
Acidity (pKa) 12.59
Basicity (pKb) 12.08
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) -8.92 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.561
Viscosity Viscosity: 7.55 cP
Dipole moment 4.06 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) Std molar entropy (S⦵298) of 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate is 647.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) Std molar entropy (S⦵298) of 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate is 699.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Pharmacology
ATC code H02AB06
ATC code H02AB06
Hazards
Main hazards H319: Causes serious eye irritation.
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms [H][C@@]12[C@@H](C(=O)COC(C)=O)C[C@H]1[C@@H]3CC[C@]2(C)[C@H](CC3=O)C
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements H302, H315, H319, H335
Precautionary statements P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P362+P364, P501
Flash point Flash point: 9°C
LD50 (median dose) 2360 mg/kg (rat, oral)
NIOSH HA1960000
PEL (Permissible) Not established
REL (Recommended) 0.05-0.1%
Main hazards May cause respiratory irritation
GHS labelling GHS02, GHS07
Pictograms GHS06, GHS08
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements No Hazard Statements.
Precautionary statements P210, P261, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-1-1-=-=-
Flash point > 297.5 °C
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose) of 16A-Hydroxyprednisolone-21Acetate is 645mg/kg (rats, oral)
NIOSH MN9275000
PEL (Permissible) Not established
REL (Recommended) 0.1-0.2 mg/kg daily
Related compounds
Related compounds 16α-Hydroxyhydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone acetate
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone
Prednisone
Corticosterone
Related compounds 16α-Hydroxyprednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Hydrocortisone
Cortisone
Prednisolone acetate
Methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone