Medical chemistry rarely shies away from a challenge. The quest to develop potent corticosteroids in the mid-20th century forced researchers to wrestle with tough molecules, and 9,11Β-Epoxy-16Α,17-(1-Methylethylidenedioxy) Pregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione-21-Yl Acetate owes its lineage to this era. Steroid chemistry boomed as scientists searched for anti-inflammatory agents with lower side effects, refining every ring junction and substituent to improve selectivity. Teams in both academia and industry sifted through hundreds of analogues. Their work led to techniques like epoxidation at the 9,11β-position and clever acetal protection of sensitive regions. As patents started piling up, competition drove innovation, with test tubes filling and NMR spectra spooling out across research centers. Out of this pressure cooker, the molecule we discuss here emerged—a testament to hands-on synthetic persistence and trial-and-error wisdom.
This mouthful of a compound slots into the larger steroid family, blending the 9,11β-epoxy function with a 16α,17-ketal group based on isopropylidene. Professionals who work with hormone derivatives recognize its backbone, and the acetate tail at C-21 signals intended activity modulation. Products containing this molecule often turn up as white-to-off-white crystalline powders, with the solid form stored in light-protective, moisture-resistant containers. Specialty suppliers handle the logistics, given that the material commands careful handling for both purity and shelf stability. Libraries of analogues exist, crossing several therapeutic categories, but few match this one in both structural complexity and the sheer number of corresponding product codes floating around.
Experience in the lab reveals a compound with low water solubility. Organics like methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and DMSO tackle its dissolution better. Handling it reminds many chemists of classic steroid protocols: avoid strong acids and bases, watch for prolonged light exposure, and keep temps moderate to avoid isomerization. As a diene, it bears double bonds that create reactivity at C1 and C4, contributing to its pharmacological activities. The epoxy bridge stiffens the A/B ring relationship, which makes its IR and NMR spectra immediately recognizable. Melting point readings usually fall between 210-215°C. Odorless and mostly stable, the compound resists hydrolysis at normal lab pH, thanks largely to the cyclic, sterically hindered structure at C16 and C17, which protects key sites from water and enzymes alike.
Specification sheets, drawn from both pharma and chemical supplier catalogs, usually list purity targets above 99%, with controlled thresholds for heavy metals, residual solvents, and specific optical rotations for batch authenticity. Chromatographic fingerprints from HPLC or GC pair with spectral data to ensure identity. Labels include storage at 2-8°C, avoidance of direct sunlight, and tightly sealed glass vials. Each batch receives tracking documentation, reflecting its synthesis pathway, analytical results, expiration date, and lot number. Clear hazard notices accompany documentation, mandated by regulatory bodies keen to confirm worker protection and product traceability.
The synthesis starts with pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione as a backbone, a favorite substrate for both industrial and graduate-level labs. Chemists introduce the 9,11β-epoxy group through a controlled peracid oxidation, usually monitored over hours to avoid overreaction, leading to side-products that complicate purification. The 16α,17-(1-methylethylidenedioxy) group comes next, using acetone in acid catalysis to form a sterically locked cyclic acetal. Each step comes with flash chromatographic separation, thin-layer chromatography checks, and scrubbing through silica or alumina columns to ensure removal of isobaric impurities. The acetate esterification finalizes the process, where acetic anhydride activates C21 in presence of base or catalytic DMAP. Altogether, the route can challenge even experienced chemists, with reaction yields often hovering around 50-70%, depending on batch quality and workup speed.
Modifying this molecule presents both promise and frustration for those in medicinal chemistry. Deacylation of the C21 acetate restores a free hydroxyl, altering solubility and biological activity. Reductions at the double bond region—especially 1,4-diene hydrogenation—shift pharmacodynamics and metabolic breakdown, providing a tool to tune tissue selectivity or half-life. Epoxide-opening, under acid or base catalysis, can yield diols with distinct receptor affinities. Side-chain derivatization, such as attaching polyethylene glycol or other esters at C21, sketches future prodrug strategies. Each tweak impacts downstream bioactivity, storage stability, and manufacturing complexity—often highlighted in project meeting debates balancing efficacy with process reliability.
Across the literature, the compound shows up under a crop of trade names, code numbers, and systematic monikers. Synonyms hinge on the naming convention in each regulatory region and the company marketing it. Some circles refer to it as “Epoxyisopropylidene prednisolone acetate,” while others use internally-developed designations and developmental code strings that change as projects migrate from bench to boardroom. This assortment leads to regular confusion for clinicians, pharmacists, and scientists bouncing among countries, making index-linked global databases all the more crucial for sourcing and regulation.
I can’t count the number of safety briefings that stress steroid handling dos and don’ts. Gloves, splash goggles, and engineered hoods set the de facto standard. The powder form makes dust risks real, so weighing and solution prep draw plenty of attention. Chronic low-level inhalation stands out as a risk, with animal models suggesting endocrine disruption at sustained occupational exposures. Protocols generally call for spill kits based on adsorptive materials, and waste streams route through incineration or chemically resistant detoxification. Labs must log usage and storage, with spot audits ensuring compliance with both internal SOPs and national chemical regulations. Medical monitoring for long-term handlers also crops up in guidelines, reflecting evidence from long-term toxicity studies linking corticosteroid analogues to suppressed adrenal function.
Steroid analogues of this type walk a fine line in medicine. The molecule finds work primarily in anti-inflammatory research, with topical and systemic formats explored for severe eczema, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and even some rare auto-immune disorders. Drug developers chase activity with fewer mineralocorticoid side effects—the ones that cause water retention, elevated blood pressure, and bone demineralization. Researchers test analogues in both animal models and early-phase clinical environments, hunting for dose ranges where benefits eclipse risks. Some studies branch into oncology, aiming to exploit anti-proliferative effects, though this remains a tough nut to crack. The molecule’s size and polarity restrict its use to settings where bioavailability hurdles can be cleared, often relying on proprietary delivery vehicles to bypass stubborn tissue barriers.
Academic research pours energy into understanding corticosteroid receptors and the metabolic pathways that forge or break down this molecule. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies dissect each new analogue, with docking models and cell-based assays guiding the next cycle of design. The field changed a lot since computer-aided drug design joined the game, allowing chemists to screen hundreds of hypothetical tweaks before mixing any reagents. Teams track resistance mechanisms, especially with long-term use in chronic diseases, analyzing cellular adaptations and receptor mutations that blunt classic steroid effects. As personalized medicine rises, research focuses more on patient subgroups, mapping genetic and metabolic profiles to predict which analogues deliver the best results with the fewest side effects. Innovation in delivery—microspheres, hydrogels, or even implantables—offers workarounds for stubborn dosing challenges.
Every seasoned pharmacologist knows the double-edged sword of corticosteroids: power and peril walk hand in hand. Rodent and primate studies on this compound surface both benefits and classic liabilities—immunosuppression, delayed wound healing, and effects on growth plate closure in younger animals. Chronic exposures produce classic Cushingoid symptoms, with liver enzymes fluctuating and bone density dipping. In humans, early-phase trials dissect dose tolerability, pharmacokinetic profiles, and metabolic byproduct spectrum, aiming for early identification of off-target effects like sodium retention or glycemic disturbance. Agencies demand teratogenicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity studies, not just once but repeated, with veterinarians and pathologists working side by side to check all organ systems. Exposures in pregnancy raise flags—a lesson learned painfully from thalidomide history—so data accumulates slowly, always one report away from a full reassessment.
Steroid chemistry will always press ahead, chipping away at the challenge of keeping anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects while dodging unwanted side effects. This molecule stands as a starting point for new rotary groups, bridge-headed systems, and delivery innovations. Precision dosing and targeted tissue action, whether via nanoparticle carriers or prodrug masking, grab headlines in grant proposals and industry road maps. Regulatory hurdles won’t disappear, and the ongoing need for safety data means no easy shortcuts, but collaboration between academic labs, pharmaceutical giants, and regulatory watchdogs keeps the momentum strong. Ultimately, future prospects hinge on carving out uses where benefits unambiguously beat risk, watched over by a community of chemists, clinicians, and patients all demanding safer, smarter options.
Walking through the maze of pharmaceutical ingredients, it’s easy to trip over chemical names like 9,11Β-Epoxy-16Α,17-(1-Methylethylidenedioxy) Pregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione-21-Yl Acetate. On the lab bench, this steroidal molecule isn’t just a tongue-twister—it’s a backbone for one big industry: making synthetic corticosteroids. Workers in drug manufacturing know this chemical isn’t showing up in family medicine cabinets, but in abundance behind the scenes.
This compound plays an early part in synthesizing potent corticosteroids, especially in factories churning out drugs that fight inflammation and immune overdrive. These types of steroids, much like dexamethasone or betamethasone, come from precursors that carry specific structures. The epoxy and other modifications in this molecule make it an ideal starting ingredient to build those therapeutic steroids. Pharmaceutical scientists shape its structure into targets needed for real-world medicines.
Factories buy and handle this compound as a building block, not a finished treatment. Chemical engineers use it because its arrangement offers control over side reactions, keeping processes streamlined and reducing waste. This matters not just for cost or convenience, but also for worker safety and environmental compliance. Crafting a reliable supply of medicines starts with reliable ingredients, and that’s where a compound like this truly proves its worth.
Steroidal drugs have changed the way doctors treat everything from asthma to aggressive autoimmune flare-ups. Synthetic routes built on intermediates like 9,11Β-Epoxy-16Α,17-(1-Methylethylidenedioxy) Pregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione-21-Yl Acetate made these therapies accessible to millions. Without such efficient intermediates, manufacturing costs would climb and shortages would become more common—something I’ve seen firsthand during times of raw material scarcity. Drug shortages mean patients miss doses. That’s direct harm.
Scaling up the production of this compound isn’t always smooth. Purity stands out as a challenge. Even a barely-detectable contaminant can alter the performance of the final drug, leading to regulatory headaches or worse, patient risk. Reliable suppliers matter more than ever. Regular audits, chemical fingerprinting, and transparent sourcing chains tighten quality. One way forward could lie with green chemistry—new processes can swap harsh solvents and cut down on toxic waste. The industry has started listening, especially as regulators raise expectations around environmental and worker safety.
Take the story of corticosteroid rollouts in low-resource clinics. Without consistent suppliers of intermediates like this, patients in remote areas struggle to find affordable treatments. Investment into robust supply chains lifts some of that burden, making real improvements to both daily care and crisis response. My own time spent assisting rural clinics showed me exactly how a broken link in the chain could lead to empty pharmacy shelves.
Research doesn’t stop at current processes. Newer biotech techniques might one day bypass some chemical steps, but that’s a work in progress, not practical reality yet. Until then, a solid understanding of the role of these building blocks—not just in chemical terms but in ethical, supply, and global health contexts—helps us all appreciate how these silent partners make a difference long before a medicine gets dispensed.
Every time a new compound enters the scene, people want to know what comes with it—especially the risks. Nobody likes unwelcome surprises after starting a medication or supplement. Talking with friends, reading patient forums, or sitting in my own doctor’s office, I’ve heard folks share the same worries: “Can this make me feel worse before I feel better?” Honest answers help real people make informed decisions.
Most compounds cause mild physical reactions for some people. Stomach discomfort tops the list. Gas, bloating, or nausea can show up during the first few days. Doctors report that these issues usually fade as the body gets used to the new substance. For many, food in the stomach or drinking extra water can blunt the blow. Still, not everyone adjusts quickly.
Skin rashes can crop up. Some people notice small red spots, itching, or even hives. A nurse once described how allergies can sneak up suddenly, days after starting something new. Stopping the compound and reaching for antihistamines gives relief for mild reactions, but severe itching or swelling call for a doctor’s immediate help.
Headaches seem almost universal with many compounds. Changes inside the body, such as shifts in electrolyte or hormone levels, play a big part. Keeping hydrated and resting in a cool, quiet space can ease this side effect, but headaches may linger for a few days before fading.
Liver stress appears less often, but health workers watch for it closely. Blood tests after a few weeks often catch hidden trouble: yellow skin, dark urine, or pain in the upper right belly spell warning signs nobody should ignore. In rare cases, liver numbers rise much more than expected, and stopping the compound becomes the only choice.
Changes in mood and sleep show up in reports and stories I’ve heard. Some users describe nights with restless sleep, feeling more anxious, or dips in mood. Science points to the brain’s response to new chemicals, but plenty of people experience brighter moods or deeper sleep instead. Each person’s body tells its own story.
One surprising risk deserves mention: allergic reactions with trouble breathing or swelling of the face and throat. These events call for emergency help right away. Even if this happens to only a small group, pharmacies label every bottle and doctors give clear warnings. Pay attention to these signs on day one and don’t wait to act.
Doctors stress honesty: sharing full health histories and all current medications helps prevent surprise side effects. Pharmacists scan for dangerous drug mix-ups that can turn mild reactions into emergencies. Always read instructions, and don’t double up on doses—more is not always better.
Tracking how you feel in a daily log can show patterns missed during rushed appointments. If one side effect pops up right after each dose, that clue steers the conversation. Bringing that log to a check-up gives a clearer picture than just saying, “Something’s off.”
Everyone hopes for smooth sailing with new compounds, but knowledge and open communication can shield us from more serious trouble down the line. Asking questions and refusing to “tough it out” alone makes all the difference, at home or in the clinic.
Storing food at home isn’t just about keeping things tidy on the shelf. I’ve learned from spoiled milk and stale crackers that the way we store products matters at every stage. Most people recognize the simple cues: keep milk cold, bread away from the sun, and some produce dry. The same kind of common sense applies to any product, whether it’s a pharmaceutical, a cosmetic, or something for the kitchen. Safety and quality depend on the right kind of handling.
Temperature and humidity can influence how long a product stays good. If I leave my chocolate on the dashboard in summer, it melts and loses both its look and flavor. Medical products show an even sharper difference—some insulin spoils above room temperature. Manufacturers run stability studies for a reason: sunlight, heat, and moisture can all speed up degradation. Experts at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and World Health Organization point out that keeping products within recommended temperature ranges prevents chemical changes and keeps intended potency. For example, most over-the-counter medicine labels suggest a cool, dry place, usually under 25°C, out of reach of sunlight. Even vitamins, which seem simple, break down in heat.
Personal experience backs this up. A multivitamin kept in a bathroom, with steam and occasional splashes, will often clump together ahead of its expiry. Moisture seeps in, and sometimes the effect is hard to spot at first. But gradual degradation reduces both the safety and the efficacy of what people rely on, day in and day out.
Good packaging protects from more than just bumps. Airtight seals and opaque containers block out oxygen and light. With food, sturdy containers keep bugs out and flavors locked in. Pharmaceutical packaging goes a step further, building in moisture barriers and child-safe closures. But even the best package can fail if it sits in hot or wet conditions for too long.
Clear labeling matters. I try to read the instructions carefully—not just for dosages but for storage tips. “Keep away from direct sunlight” appears for a reason. Researchers have found that proper labeling reduces confusion and loss. It’s hard to tell by eye whether a product’s gone bad, especially if changes are less dramatic than mold or spoilage.
Setting up a safe storage area isn’t complicated. Use a cupboard away from the stove or heat vents, keep it dry, and limit light. For items needing refrigeration, store them at the recommended temperatures. Regular checks can help—look for changes in color, texture, or smell. If a product says “refrigerate after opening,” trust the guidance. Health consequences from ignoring storage guidelines can be severe, whether it’s food poisoning or a medicine that doesn’t work when needed.
At businesses and homes alike, education is useful. Sharing advice about storing household goods, medicines, or specialty items like batteries prevents both waste and harm. If uncertainty comes up, don’t guess. Contact the manufacturer or ask a pharmacist. Quality begins with how we keep things from the start.
Rules around prescriptions come from hard-learned lessons. Some drugs treat problems so serious or powerful that the wrong dose can upend your life. I remember an older neighbor who juggled blood pressure meds and, out of habit, tried to refill an old prescription after his doctor changed it. The pharmacist refused. He grumbled, but he thanked her a year later when his blood pressure finally settled. In that story, a prescription worked like a second set of eyes—a safeguard against easy mistakes.
Chemicals and medicines land on the prescription-only list for a reason. Take antibiotics. Decades ago, they were handed out for coughs and colds. Drug-resistant infections now send chills through whole hospitals. Health experts tie this problem straight to overuse. Without prescriptions, antibiotics would flood the market and bacteria would keep evolving until nothing could beat them.
Then there are powerful pain relievers, most opioids. These drugs work wonders after surgery but turn lives upside down if misused. Stories pour in from every part of the country—families broken, futures lost, overdoses that never should have happened. Doctors and laws slow this down by making it tough to get these medicines without a real need.
Buying medicine online without a doctor’s note usually sounds tempting, especially with TV ads promising fast fixes. What gets left out are the dangers. Counterfeit pills show up with no warning. Side effects don’t get explained. Mixups happen more often than people imagine. Just last year, the FDA flagged over a hundred websites for selling fake or mislabeled drugs. Some of these pills looked identical to the real thing.
Even common substances like asthma inhalers shift into the prescription category. Many adults want to save money and skip the doctor, but an unchecked breathing issue can spiral fast. A local pharmacy technician told me she’s seen repeat customers try to use expired or shared inhalers and land in the emergency room.
A lot of folks ask why these rules feel so strict. For some, the cost and time for a doctor’s visit stack up. In rural areas, reaching a physician feels harder than ever. Phone consultations and telemedicine have opened new paths, but aren’t available everywhere.
Some countries loosen the rules. Low doses of allergy medicine and insulin cross pharmacy counters without a doctor, but that’s paired with strong public health follow-up and training for pharmacists. Getting the balance right means keeping drugs away from misuse, but not locking people out of what they need.
One solution lands right in the community. Trusted pharmacists can offer advice, catch dangerous drug combos, and clarify which symptoms mean a trip to the doctor. More community clinics, walk-in health centers, and telehealth visits can chip away at access barriers. Better information matters just as much. Teaching people about medicine safety should start young, and explaining why prescriptions exist invites trust instead of suspicion.
Prescriptions act as both gateway and guardrail. They slow things down, and sometimes that feels frustrating. But their gatekeeping keeps dangerous mistakes at bay, and for many, that makes all the difference.
Anybody who has ever been handed a prescription or cared for a loved one knows the anxiety of getting the “right dose.” Most folks don’t realize just how much science, research, and review stand behind every printed number on a pill bottle. Standard dosage means the usual amount recommended for most people to achieve the desired result without hitting the risk of serious side effects.
I remember the first time I managed a medication schedule for my aging parent. I caught myself checking and double-checking not just the dosage, but also asking every nurse who passed by about the right time and the right method—was it swallowed, chewed, dissolved? One small error can turn a helpful treatment into a real threat. Reports from the World Health Organization have pointed out that medication errors harm millions every year. When consumers understand that dosages are tested through clinical trials under strict monitoring, it makes it easier to trust those numbers. Not every patient has the same needs, but that number on the label reflects the best average response seen across many people.
A medicine only does its job if it gets to the right place in the right way. Swallowing a pill, getting a shot, using an inhaler—each method changes how quickly the medicine works and how long it stays in your body. As someone with asthma, I learned young that there’s a serious difference between my inhaler (quick, right to the lungs) and tablets (slower, whole body). Many people don’t realize that taking a drug the wrong way can mean either no effect or, worse, a risky overdose.
Take vaccines for example. Administering a vaccine into a muscle, rather than just under the skin, helps the immune system react strongly and safely. This isn’t about dogma—it’s about results proven through decades of research and constant review from agencies like the FDA and European Medicines Agency. Mistakes happen, and their consequences can be life-altering.
It all comes down to trust—a trust built on science, transparency, and experience. One major problem is poor communication: busy clinics, overwhelmed pharmacists, and complicated instructions make the perfect recipe for mistakes. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices says that clear, plain-language instructions on packaging cut down errors. I’ve seen doctors use diagrams or draw icons for patients who face language or literacy barriers. These small adjustments go a long way.
Pharmacies now often print clear instructions. Some even send reminders by text message. These steps can catch confusion early. Health professionals keep updating dosing guidance as new evidence emerges, showing that medicine is never set in stone and that patient safety always comes first.
No single step prevents every mistake. Doctors, pharmacists, nurses, patients, and caregivers all share responsibility for getting the dosage and administration method right. Speaking up with questions, double-checking the instructions, and insisting on clarity keep everyone safer. Simple tools—colored pillboxes, medication lists, even smartphone alarms—prevent overdose or missed doses.
Honesty, humility, and a willingness to admit “I’m not sure, can you check?” save lives far more often than pretending to know everything. For everyone’s sake, let’s keep the conversation going and make sure safe practice remains a community effort, not just a doctor’s order.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (1S,2R,10R,11S,13S,14S,15S,16S,17R)-2-Acetoxy-10,13-dimethyl-16,17-(propan-2-ylidene)dioxy-1,4,15,16,17,18-hexahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,20-dione |
| Other names |
Fluoxymesterone Impurity 13
21-Acetoxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 9,11β-epoxy-16α,17-(1-methylethylidenedioxy)- |
| Pronunciation | /naɪn ˌɪlˈɛp.ɒk.si ˌsɪksˈtiːn ˌsɛvən ˌwʌnˌmɛθ.ɪlˌɛθ.ɪlˈaɪ.dɪn ˌdiˈɒk.si ˈprɛg.nə ˈwʌnˌfɔːrˌdaɪˈiːn ˌθriː ˌtwɛn.ti daɪˈoʊn ˈtwɛn.tiˈwʌn ˌaɪl ˈæs.ɪ.teɪt/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9,11α-Epoxy-17-(2-propylidene)-16,17-dioxy-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-dien-21-yl acetate |
| Other names |
Fluorometholone Acetate
Flumilone acetate Fluorometolone acetate |
| Pronunciation | /ˌnaɪn əˌlɛvən ˌbiː ɪˈpɒksi ˌsɪkstin ˌæl.fə ˌsɛv.ənˈtiːn ˌwʌn ˌmɛθ.aɪlˌɛθ.ɪlˈaɪdɪnˌdiːˈɒksi ˈprɛg.nə ˌwʌn fɔːr ˈdaɪ.iːn θriː ˌtwɛnti ˈdaɪ.oʊn ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn ɪl ˈæ.sɪ.teɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 56070-16-7 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3D4G3B79BN1C23D18C56C7D1A6C488CBFC57E2AE7BBE7B6D1DEAA4135F4CC38B76889ED016557CA8284012` |
| Beilstein Reference | 2238981 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:93014 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1629637 |
| ChemSpider | 53256749 |
| DrugBank | DB01591 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 20-014-686-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 813901 |
| KEGG | C16636 |
| MeSH | D004345 |
| PubChem CID | 170332 |
| RTECS number | RY2625000 |
| UNII | F6TST6556I |
| UN number | UN3271 |
| CAS Number | 117704-25-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1770806 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:76212 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2106017 |
| ChemSpider | 53460190 |
| DrugBank | DB14644 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.198.141 |
| EC Number | EC 250-260-2 |
| Gmelin Reference | 127502 |
| KEGG | C15294 |
| MeSH | D04.210.500.600.670.200 |
| PubChem CID | 16078712 |
| RTECS number | YJ8570000 |
| UNII | 2E7FZ9RQ1K |
| UN number | Not regulated as dangerous goods (no UN number assigned). |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C26H32O7 |
| Molar mass | 522.60 g/mol |
| Appearance | white to off-white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.25 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 2.52 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | 12.59 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 2.78 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -96.2×10^-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.595 |
| Dipole moment | 4.14 Debye |
| Chemical formula | C26H32O7 |
| Molar mass | 566.68 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to Off-White Solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.28 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 2.82 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 16.12 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 2.87 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.606 |
| Dipole moment | 4.49 Debye |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -8504.4 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 617.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -719.6 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -7983.6 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | H02AB04 |
| ATC code | H02AB03 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | H302; H315; H319; H335 |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P271, P272, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P403+P233, P501 |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50: Mouse intravenous 90mg/kg |
| NIOSH | RN: 976-31-6 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.1 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | NIOSH does not list an IDLH for 9,11Β-Epoxy-16Α,17-(1-Methylethylidenedioxy) Pregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione-21-Yl Acetate. |
| Main hazards | May cause respiratory irritation. May cause eye irritation. May cause skin irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 2-1-0 |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50: >5 gm/kg (oral, rat) |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) information for 9,11Β-Epoxy-16Α,17-(1-Methylethylidenedioxy) Pregna-1,4-Diene-3,20-Dione-21-Yl Acetate is not specifically established. |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.02 mg/m³ |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not Listed |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Cortisone
Prednisone Prednisolone Hydrocortisone Dexamethasone |
| Related compounds |
Cortisone acetate
Prednisone acetate Hydrocortisone 21-acetate Dexamethasone acetate Triamcinolone acetate Betamethasone acetate Fludrocortisone acetate |
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