Cyproterone Acetate changed more than a few medical conversations in the 1960s. Back then, hormone therapy meant wrestling uncertainty with severe side effects. Early pioneers in steroid chemistry in Europe zeroed in on progestogenic and anti-androgen properties, searching for safer ways to regulate the body’s hormonal balance. By the mid-20th century, scientists grouped their efforts, refining synthetic pathways for key intermediates. Researchers in Germany and France, using labor-intensive glassware and limited analytical tools, started scaling up laboratory findings, making intermediates more reliable and accessible. Over several decades, improved laboratory equipment and more rigorous oversight allowed for better reproducibility, and investment in pharmaceutical R&D from both private and public sectors helped make these intermediates a backbone of hormonal therapies.
The intermediate forms a core scaffold during the manufacture of Cyproterone Acetate and several analogues. Precision in its production means fewer impurities, boosting confidence for downstream applications. This intermediate catches attention not because it looks impressive, but because its molecular tweaks influence binding in living tissues. Concrete control over its structure affects the final product’s anti-androgen potency and metabolic stability, shaping how clinicians manage diseases like prostate cancer, androgen-driven hair loss, or severe acne.
The intermediate usually presents as an off-white solid or crystalline powder, depending on its exact state of synthesis and any residual solvents. Solubility leans toward organic solvents like chloroform or dichloromethane rather than water, shaping lab choices from the start. It melts above room temperature, which tells chemists plenty about purity. With high purity, the melting point stays sharp and consistent; any deviation throws up a warning sign. Chemically, the intermediate structure features functional groups that lend themselves to further modification—think carbonyl, acetoxy, and sometimes halogenated positions—each one inviting selective chemical reactions in the next step of a multi-stage process.
Precise documentation on the label sets the record straight for anyone down the supply chain. Labels display batch numbers, CAS numbers, and, for regulatory compliance, clear hazard pictograms and GHS classification codes. Vendors record trace metal contents, water content by Karl Fischer methods, and state the percentage of purity—usually hovering above 98% for pharmaceutical work. Specifications from the likes of USP or EP outline allowed impurity profiles, maximum allowable residual solvents, and, crucially, expiration dates pegged to stability studies under ICH guidelines. The subtlety here: oversights in labeling or spec sheets rarely stay hidden. Miss a detail, and downstream chemists risk failed syntheses or safety flags in quality audits.
The main synthetic route usually takes one of two branching paths, each rooted in the manipulation of a steroidal backbone like 17α-hydroxyprogesterone. Skilled chemists oxidize, reduce, and functionalize these structures across several tightly controlled steps. Each transformation gets monitored by thin layer chromatography, HPLC, or GC-MS. For instance, installing a crucial acetoxy group calls for a careful reaction with acetic anhydride under mild conditions with acid catalysis—no overcooking, no unwanted side-reactions. Each step introduces incremental risk, and skilled operators keep an eye on yield and chiral purity, understanding that losses at one stage cascade into higher costs later.
Steroidal intermediates undergo a whole series of changes before they reach their final purpose. Introducing unsaturated bonds, reducing certain positions, and protecting sensitive groups all feature in the process. Take the necessary Friedel-Crafts or Michael-type addition, each one demanding not only the right conditions, but also a knowledge of how small tweaks at one molecular position can ripple out through the whole molecule’s behavior. Any shift here affects final pharmacological properties, driving up or down the anti-androgen activity. Chemists in pharmaceutical settings share these best practices because small errors in reaction conditions can build up dangerous by-products, compromising safety and regulatory acceptance.
Industry professionals and researchers recognize intermediates not only by their IUPAC designations, but also by trade names and research codes. One might come across synonyms in various catalogues or research journals—differing slightly by regional naming conventions or supplier shorthand. Some manufacturers assign in-house designations, reflecting variations in salt form or synthetic derivation. For anyone working with supply procurement or regulatory filings, these synonyms cause headaches if not tracked carefully, especially under import-export controls or customs classifications.
Dealing with potent steroidal intermediates means treating every step with care. Operators in production facilities don gloves and goggles, materially aware that dust inhalation, skin exposure, or accidental ingestion can lodge potent bioactive substances in the body. Safety data sheets back up protocols adopted by GMP-certified sites, outlining storage under inert atmospheres or at controlled temperatures, and mandating proper ventilation to keep solvent fumes in check. Facilities use sealed transfer lines, dust-extraction hoods, and first-aid measures for immediate decontamination. Regular audits and training keep staff vigilant, and records track every exposure, down to the minute, for compliance and incident response.
The intermediate’s primary focus stays on pharmaceutical lines. Cyproterone Acetate, created from this intermediate, plays roles in managing advanced prostate cancer, hirsutism, and severe androgen-dependent skin disorders. Beyond direct pharmaceutical use, intermediates spawn research into new synthetic analogs for next-generation contraceptives or gender-affirming care. Researchers continue exploring alternative clinical uses, especially where anti-androgenic and progestogenic balance meets unmet medical needs. Some labs even dabble in veterinary medicine, trialing derivatives in hormone-related conditions across species.
R&D teams in both academic and corporate settings push for better synthesis routes, looking to trim cost, reduce waste, and boost yield. Flow chemistry and biocatalysis have both entered the mix, promising cleaner transformations and smaller environmental footprints. Companies invest in analytics, drawing on NMR, LC-MS, and X-ray crystallography to resolve ambiguity in structure and purity far earlier in the pipeline. This effort means fewer surprises by the time a drug reaches clinical trials, with intermediates integrated into digital batch records and tracked through advanced informatics systems. The goal in the lab matches what any good researcher wants: clear, reproducible data that survives both peer review and regulatory audits.
No one expects steroidal intermediates to be inert. Early animal studies flagged real risks, especially at concentrated exposures handled by chemists in production settings. Prolonged skin contact or inhalation can disrupt hormone pathways. Chronic exposure studies in rodents highlighted risks for liver toxicity, with some structures causing cholestasis or benign liver tumors at high doses. Occupational safety officers track all this data for permissible exposure limits, setting guidelines for PPE, and calling for closed-systems where possible. In preclinical settings, toxicologists profile mutagenicity, reproductive toxicity, and endocrine disruption potentials, feeding this data both into workplace safety and eventual drug approval packages.
New demands mean both promise and challenge. Pharmaceutical companies look for intermediates with better selectivity, simpler synthesis, and lower environmental impact. Academic teams blend computation with benchwork, designing analogs before a flask ever hits the hotplate. The march toward green chemistry influences nearly every new research proposal, with aims to cut out heavy metals, lower solvent use, and make recycling possible on a larger scale. Advances in continuous processing mean shorter lead times and tighter quality control, which makes supply chains less brittle. Small steps in intermediate chemistry ripple out to better medicines, safer workplaces, and lower costs, keeping the field moving as healthcare evolves and new therapies for hormone-sensitive conditions push the scientific envelope.
Cyproterone acetate often steps into the spotlight for its use in medications addressing hormone-related conditions. This isn’t a small-time player in pharmaceutical labs. The intermediate, which serves as a precursor in the production of cyproterone acetate, ends up determining the safety, purity, and therapeutic effectiveness of the final medication. Pharmaceutical manufacturing leans heavily on the reliability of each step. If something like the intermediate falls short, the pills people trust to manage acne, prostate cancer, and severe hirsutism might not deliver what they promise.
Experience shows that tackling androgen-related disorders can be tough on individuals—both physically and emotionally. For example, I’ve seen women struggle with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), dealing with symptoms like hair loss or growth in unwanted areas. The active ingredient derived from this intermediate can suppress excessive androgen activity, bringing relief where little else helps. Clinical studies back this up. Cyproterone acetate, made possible in part by a reliable intermediate, features in numerous treatments across Europe and Asia, where it helps manage symptoms and enables a better quality of life for millions.
If the intermediate carries impurities, downstream consequences multiply. Pharmaceutical companies have strict standards for a reason. Unsafe or impure substances can cause side effects patients never signed up for. Take it from the history books: contaminated intermediates have led to disastrous product recalls and shaken public trust. The pressure lands heavy on chemical suppliers and manufacturers. Analytical checks and quality audits become less about paperwork and more about ensuring families don’t face risks at home.
A healthy supply chain anchored by high standards for cyproterone acetate intermediates keeps prices stable for end-users. Medication costs skyrocket when shortages or low-quality imports rise. Having open, responsible supply lines not only eases stress for patients but also guarantees that doctors are working with dependable medications. The economic impact runs deep, especially in health systems with limited budgets where every dollar counts toward treating more people and funding research for new therapies.
Years of working alongside clinicians and pharmacists highlight the value of ethical sourcing and robust oversight. Regulatory bodies worldwide, from the European Medicines Agency to the US Food and Drug Administration, have published guidance on managing intermediates. Their goal isn’t to slow down drug access—it’s to keep harm out of the equation. Moving forward, new synthesis techniques and greener chemistries might help reduce waste, making the process more sustainable. Manufacturers actively seeking cleaner, safer production methods contribute to good health outcomes while protecting the environment.
Every player in the pipeline—from suppliers to clinics—could benefit from stronger collaboration. Public access to batch quality reports builds trust. Incorporating cutting-edge analytical technology catches more problems before they reach pharmacy shelves. By advocating for continuous staff training and sharing data among regulators and producers, the industry sets up long-term wins for safety and effectiveness. It only takes one oversight to damage confidence, but a culture of accountability keeps standards high, ensuring cyproterone acetate-based medicines work precisely as intended.
Few people outside pharmaceuticals spend much time thinking about chemical intermediates. For many labs and facilities, these chemicals quietly shape the path from raw material to finished medicine. With Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate, sloppiness in storage doesn’t just threaten production schedules — it can create real risks for worker safety, product quality, and the environment. Everything from humidity in the room to residue on a shelf can set off unnecessary problems.
I remember visiting an old lab where intermediates like this one sat in battered plastic bins, lids half-closed, pushed against heating pipes. That kind of chaos sends shivers down my spine. Most pharmaceutical intermediates don’t fare well when exposed to air, light, or moisture. Leave Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate out in these conditions and it starts to break down. This can cause the release of dust or volatile byproducts, which puts workers at risk and trashes the intended properties of the chemical.
Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate likes a dry, cool home, usually between 2–8°C – refrigerator-level cold, but not freezing. Stick it on a shelf in a sun-drenched storeroom and degradation can hit sooner than you think. Water vapor in the air works its way into containers, especially poorly sealed ones, slowly shifting the chemical structure and, in some cases, creating hazardous residues. Dust and air contaminants, often easy to ignore, creep into cracked containers too.
It doesn’t take a lab fire to ruin a batch. Sometimes all it takes is a broken thermostat or unchecked air leak. Once contamination occurs, users face unknown impurities in whatever formulation comes next. Those mistakes ripple through the supply chain — missing test specs, product recalls, regulatory problems.
Routine matters. Every worker in a handling area deserves clear instructions, not just a nod from the boss. Tightly sealed, chemically compatible containers do the heavy lifting. Any time the material comes out for weighing or processing, people must check for spills and immediately wipe away residues. Label everything, including expiry dates and batch numbers — more than once I’ve seen confusion mix up expensive lots, just because of a smudged sticker.
Keeping a log of entries and exits isn’t just bureaucracy. For regulated compounds tied to hormonal activity, like this intermediate, it prevents loss, theft, or mistakes from slipping through the cracks. A security camera or restricted-access storage keeps unauthorized hands away, reducing the chance of accidental exposure, misuse, or improper disposal. Spillage control, eye-wash stations, and gloves aren’t an optional add-on. They cut down on the number of “close calls” that too often go unreported.
Facilities need regular checks on storage temperature and humidity, either with digital logging systems or simple daily charts. Staff should get refresher sessions every few months to remind them why each rule exists — not because of red tape, but because everyone deserves a work environment where small oversights don’t become big disasters.
Always budget for tested, chemical-resistant containers — an upfront cost, but astronomically cheaper than a lost batch or contamination incident. Safe disposal procedures for unused or expired intermediates reduce environmental load and keep fines at bay. I’ve found much smoother operations in facilities where managers walk the storage area themselves, notice what’s off, and fix it on the spot.
Getting storage right for Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate protects everyone from cost overruns to worker health scares. It’s not glamorous, but it’s the backbone of any trustworthy operation.
In the world of pharmaceuticals, chemical purity matters more than most people even realize. With drugs like Cyproterone Acetate, every intermediary step affects the quality of the finished product. Purity levels often reflect both the lab’s diligence and the safety profile for anyone who ends up relying on this drug. You don’t cut corners with medicines that target hormone disorders or serve as components in cancer therapies.
Chemists usually set the bar above 98% for intermediate stages in active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) synthesis. At that range, you’re looking at an intermediate that only has traces of minor, well-identified impurities left—mostly stemming from solvents, side products, or dust from production lines. If purity dips below that, final tablets or injections might carry more than just the intended effect, and that doesn’t fly in any regulatory review room.
One bad batch, and suddenly you’re staring at flagged inspections, product recalls, or—worse—adverse effects in the very people the drug should help. I’ve walked through labs where employees skip a quality control check here or rush a filtration step there, just to hit a deadline. Fast forward, and you hear about a subtle yellow tinge in a finished product, suggesting something snuck through. In the Cyproterone Acetate supply chain, that can mean hormonal imbalance, allergic reactions, or disrupted therapy—all because the intermediate wasn’t pure enough.
Places like the US and Europe demand strict compliance with guidelines from groups such as the FDA or the EMA. These agencies block imports and sales of pharmaceuticals that fail to meet purity requirements. That kind of oversight sends a clear message: stick to the standards, or your product stays off the shelves. Asian manufacturers, who form a large part of the global supply for intermediates, already ship their products with Certificates of Analysis. These papers list purity levels measured by technologies like HPLC or GC-MS, not just to satisfy paperwork but to keep a transparent record in case questions come up later.
Labs keep an eye out for organic and inorganic impurities, as well as trace solvents, right from raw material sourcing. Regular use of advanced analytical tools helps find and quantify contaminants. In my own projects, we built in extra washing steps and TLC tests at every scale-up. This meant more paperwork and sometimes more production costs, but the cleaner intermediate made every downstream reaction go smoother and safer.
Full transparency on purity doesn’t just please regulators—it builds trust with doctors, pharmacists, and patients. Better purification processes, tighter quality checks, and open reporting all drive that trust. Some companies even publish third-party audit results or invest in more sustainable, high-purity synthesis routes, both for their reputation and the safety of millions who eventually depend on their medicines.
Labs and manufacturers can’t afford to treat purity as just another box to tick. Higher purity in Cyproterone Acetate intermediates means safer end medicines and fewer risks for patients. Stronger commitments to high-quality processes, better training, and more continual investment in analytical technology offer a clear path toward safer drugs and, ultimately, better care.
News about pharmaceutical supplies often sounds like a stock ticker—up, down, steady—but all you really want is a straight answer: can large-scale buyers actually source Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate in the quantities they need?
Factories, hospitals, research labs, even generic drug companies all need this intermediate to keep their pipelines running. Reliability matters, and I’ve seen plenty of teams scramble when even one minor ingredient falls out of supply. So, hearing that the market can offer intermediates in bulk is a huge relief for anyone that’s had to juggle lead times, regulatory checks, and unplanned delays.
Manufacturers based in China and India hold a strong position in the global market, supporting both finished drug makers and API producers. These companies have invested in high-capacity chemical synthesis, quality control, and cleanroom processing. Their capacity lies in hundreds or even thousands of kilograms per month. It’s normal, these days, to see major players at pharma expos advertising shipments measured by the pallet or the container.
Finding suppliers isn’t tough if you know where to look. B2B platforms like Alibaba, Made-In-China, and Pharmacompass list bulk manufacturers, and the certifications—think GMP, ISO, DMF filing—should show if the company plays by the rules. Pharmaceutical buyers still contact suppliers directly to negotiate price and delivery. As someone who’s reviewed contracts for raw materials, I can say progress usually stalls on terms around purity, compliance, logistics, and sometimes payment timelines rather than on ability to deliver by quantity.
Despite what catalogues claim, bulk supply doesn’t always mean smooth sailing. Intermediates travel halfway across the world, and disruption at any stage—whether in customs inspections, port lockdowns, or changing chemical regulations—turns overnight fulfillment into absurd wishful thinking. I remember one year when a single container stuck at Shanghai port meant halting a project for weeks, all because of missing import documents.
Another pain point comes from regulatory pressures in both source and destination countries. Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate links to hormone-related drug development, making it a hot item for pharmaceutical audits. Batch-to-batch consistency, data on residual solvents, and clean documentation go under the microscope. Regulatory agencies want full transparency, and rightfully so—patients’ lives hang in the balance. A lab can’t just swap out suppliers without updating files, possibly facing re-qualification.
Spot shortages can kick up prices, sometimes sharply. In my experience, unexpected surges in demand lead suppliers to allocate product to bigger or longstanding clients, leaving small firms scrambling on the open market. This isn’t new—it happens across pharma intermediates every few years, especially when secondary uses or regulatory changes shift demand.
To get around this, some buyers hedge by signing longer-term supply agreements or working with more than one supplier. Some even cooperate with competitor firms on shipments to save on customs and freight. It pays to check the stability of the source: company audits, those detailed questionnaires, and even sample trials sometimes uncover hidden issues long before a purchase order drops.
Bulk supplies won’t solve everything unless accompanied by transparency and regulatory alignment. Pharmaceutical buyers, including myself, have learned that the paperwork trail matters as much as the barrels being offloaded from the truck. Building solid relationships with producers, maintaining a backup list of vetted suppliers, and keeping a close eye on regulatory developments—these steps offer some insurance against the bumps in the road that always turn up in this industry.
Working in a laboratory or a chemical plant introduces you to all kinds of compounds—some more hazardous than others. Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate falls squarely in the category that demands respect. Used in the synthesis of certain medications, this chemical brings risks that can’t be overlooked. The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) spells it out: skin contact can cause irritation, inhalation might lead to respiratory issues, and accidental ingestion brings a whole host of problems. Over the last decade, multiple published case studies have highlighted that simple slip-ups—like tearing a glove or missing a face mask—can lead to health issues ranging from mild rashes to more serious hormonal disruptions.
Nobody starts their career thinking they’ll suffer a chemical injury, yet that’s exactly what happens too often when gear gets ignored. For Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate, lab-tested nitrile gloves offer a solid barrier, better than regular latex. Long-sleeved lab coats keep arms protected, and certified splash-proof goggles go a long way in shielding the eyes. Respiratory protection, such as a fitted half-mask with particulate filters, helps avoid breathing in fine dust particles, especially during powder handling. In my early years on the job, I watched a colleague brush off putting on a gown, dismissing it as overkill. That same day, a minor spill led to a trip to the on-site clinic. One precaution often beats a dozen apologies later.
No piece of equipment beats solid, clear training. Each year, labs and manufacturing plants schedule refresher courses, but it’s the everyday habits that matter. Before handling Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate, check that the fume hood runs at proper airflow and that spill kits are ready—cat litter, absorbent pads, disposal containers. Some places skip this step. They hope nothing goes wrong. That attitude risks everyone. Keeping clear signage and updated Standard Operating Procedures helps reinforce expectations. In my experience, a quick five-minute rundown before a shift starts helps people stay sharp and spot-check themselves and each other.
Improper storage ranks high on the list of preventable lab accidents. Labeling every container clearly—no faded Sharpie scrawls—makes a world of difference in busy environments. Store Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate in cool, ventilated spaces, away from incompatible chemicals like strong oxidizers. Locks on storage cabinets keep unqualified hands and the curious away. There’s no reason a visitor or trainee should stumble onto something they don’t fully understand.
Waste disposal isn’t the most glamorous part of the job, but it’s critical. Disposal protocols call for double-bagging contaminated wipes and gloves in dedicated hazardous waste bins. Spills need immediate cleanup, and not with bare paper towels—absorbent materials, full PPE, and following the steps in the response kit can prevent a minor incident from spiraling out of control. After a cleanup, recordkeeping comes into play. That logbook on the wall isn't just paperwork; it’s documentation that someone took responsibility and followed through.
No manufacturer can guarantee absolute safety—that rests on daily diligence. Keeping tabs on health, from regular check-ins to prompt reporting of any symptoms, helps catch issues early. In many workplaces, staff take part in health surveillance, sharing feedback and spotting trends. Learning from near-misses and minor incidents, not just major accidents, shapes better cultures and keeps everyone safer.
Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate deserves real caution. Each step matters, and habits make safety stick for the long run.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 6-chloro-1,2-dihydro-17-hydroxy-3'H-cyclopropa[1,2-c]pregn-4-en-3,20-dione |
| Other names |
CPA Intermediate
6-Chloro-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate 6-Chloro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone |
| Pronunciation | /ˌsaɪ.prəˈtɜː.roʊn æˈsiː.teɪt ˌɪn.təˈmiː.di.ət/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 6-chloro-17-hydroxy-1α,2α-methylene-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione |
| Other names |
CPA Intermediate
Androcur Intermediate 6-Chloro-17a-hydroxyprogesterone acetate intermediate |
| Pronunciation | /saɪˌprəʊ.təˈroʊn ˌæs.ɪˈteɪt ˌɪn.təˈmiː.di.ət/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 427-51-0 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | `3D model (JSmol) string for Cyproterone Acetate Intermediate:` ``` C[C@H]1CC2=CC(=O)C3C4CCC(=O)C4(C)CC[C@]3(C)C2CC1=O ``` *(This is the SMILES string, commonly used for rendering 3D molecular models in JSmol.)* |
| Beilstein Reference | 2132524 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:5979 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1619 |
| ChemSpider | 21529764 |
| DrugBank | DB04839 |
| ECHA InfoCard | ECHA InfoCard: 100.041.318 |
| EC Number | 200-184-5 |
| Gmelin Reference | 83408 |
| KEGG | C05289 |
| MeSH | Hydroxyprogesterones; Steroids; Acetates; Hormone Antagonists |
| PubChem CID | 5282451 |
| RTECS number | VZ1555000 |
| UNII | 45XHS03J5N |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID10877071 |
| CAS Number | 427-51-0 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3858730 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:405290 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1617 |
| ChemSpider | 20567679 |
| DrugBank | DB04839 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03a06312-358a-46b8-9c68-20efa54f2250 |
| EC Number | 211-481-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 115116 |
| KEGG | C07396 |
| MeSH | D04.210.500.365.173.120 |
| PubChem CID | 65613 |
| RTECS number | KY2625000 |
| UNII | RE34V7E4YK |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID60149167 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C24H29ClO4 |
| Molar mass | 416.91 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.19 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 3.6 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 12.53 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.25 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.1e-7 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.543 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 4.2±0.6 D |
| Chemical formula | C24H29ClO4 |
| Molar mass | 416.91 g/mol |
| Appearance | white or almost white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 3.6 |
| Vapor pressure | 8.1E-10 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.4 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.25 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -7.3×10⁻⁷ |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.590 |
| Dipole moment | 5.5 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 485.6 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | G03HA01 |
| ATC code | G03HA01 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H312, H332 |
| Precautionary statements | Precautionary statements: P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 2, Flammability: 1, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| Flash point | > 221.6°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 1217mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 3800 mg/kg (Rat, oral) |
| REL (Recommended) | Intermediate |
| Main hazards | Suspected of causing cancer. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | GHS06,GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 2, Flammability: 1, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| Flash point | > 217.6 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | Lethal dose or concentration: "LD50 (rat, oral): > 2000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 945 mg/kg (Rat, Oral) |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | 10 mg/m3 |
| REL (Recommended) | 20-25°C |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
Providing high-quality chemical products and logistics solutions for global trade partners.
