Eplerenone evolved out of decades of investigation into steroid hormones and cardiovascular disease. In the 1950s, spironolactone entered the scene as one of the first mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, a drug that changed the game for managing high blood pressure and fluid retention. Spironolactone worked well for blood pressure and heart failure, but its non-selective action on androgen and progesterone receptors led to some awkward side effects. Researchers noticed patients reporting breast tenderness and hormonal imbalance. By the late 1980s, scientists pressed for a compound with a similar impact on mineralocorticoid receptors but without the broad receptor binding. Pharmacologists eventually identified eplerenone, a molecule designed to maintain the benefits while dialing back those hormonal hiccups. Its FDA approval in 2002 marked a big step in heart failure care, especially after myocardial infarction. This molecule now holds a spot on essential medication lists worldwide, representing both scientific patience and a steady push toward more targeted therapies.
Sold under brand names like Inspra and various generics, eplerenone turned into a mainstay for patients dealing with heart failure post-heart attack and people with stubborn hypertension. Its mechanism revolves around blocking the effects of aldosterone at the mineralocorticoid receptor, offering protection against sodium retention and potassium loss. This action helps prevent the kind of fluid build-up that strains the heart and blood vessels, giving cardiologists another way to tackle persistent problems. The drug comes as oral tablets, typically in 25 mg and 50 mg strengths, letting clinicians fine-tune the treatment based on each patient’s needs. Pharmacies keep it on their regular stocklists thanks to its crucial role and growing prescription numbers, especially as heart failure rates continue to climb in aging populations.
Eplerenone stands out with its off-white, crystalline powder appearance, melting just above 240°C, which lets it handle the usual transport and storage conditions found in clinics and pharmacies. It has a molecular formula of C24H30O6, clocking in at a molecular weight of 414.5 g/mol. Its structure borrows heavily from spironolactone but tweaks the 9,11-epoxide and 16β,17α modifications for higher selectivity. The compound barely dissolves in water, so manufacturers focus on smart formulation strategies for oral administration. Chemists consider its low aqueous solubility during formulation, which partly determines the tablet’s release characteristics. Its chemical stability allows for multi-year shelf lives, protecting clinics from concerns about rapid degradation.
Current labeling standards require that all eplerenone packaging lists not just active ingredient amounts but also clear instructions, contraindications (especially in patients with high potassium or severe kidney impairment), and storage requirements. Tablets typically contain 25 or 50 mg of active compound, accompanied by fillers and coatings tailored for slow, even absorption. Clinicians and pharmacists consult those labels for dose adjustment—critical in elderly or renally-compromised patients. Labels flag drug interactions, particularly with potassium-sparing diuretics, strong CYP3A4 inhibitors like ketoconazole, and lithium. Manufacturers maintain Certificates of Analysis tied to each batch for traceability and transparency, aligning with international regulatory norms.
Production of eplerenone usually begins with the steroidal backbone derived from progesterone. Chemists introduce an epoxy group at the 9α,11α position through a carefully controlled halogenation and cyclization process, using agents like m-chloroperbenzoic acid. By installing a methoxycarbonyl group at C-7 and a lactone moiety at C-17, researchers fine-tune its specificity for the mineralocorticoid receptor. The process continues through several purification and crystallization steps, using solvents and bases that reduce risk of byproduct formation. This meticulous approach sets eplerenone apart from older, lossier routes and maximizes batch yield. Manufacturers focus on maintaining tight temperature and pH windows, because small slips in process conditions shift the final product profile.
Med chemists tinkering with eplerenone or related compounds often swap out the lactone ring or introduce halogen substitutions to study receptor binding and metabolic stability. Reaction with acid or base can hydrolyze the lactone; strong oxidizers may break down the epoxide. Chiral centers stay stable under most conditions relevant to drug compounding. In the lab, eplerenone offers a platform for probing aldosterone antagonists’ performance on modified mineralocorticoid receptor subtypes, and for studying interactions with enzymes like CYP3A4. These chemical modifications help with patenting new analogs or tackling rare cases of drug resistance.
Beyond the main brand Inspra, documents and chemical suppliers list eplerenone as SC-66110, UNII: 82XNW8C43H, and other registry numbers found in PubChem or ChemSpider. European, Asian, and American formularies tend to stick with “eplerenone” on pharmacy stock sheets, which simplifies logistics in global chains. Researchers sometimes refer to its IUPAC name: (7α,11α,17β)-9,11-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-17α-pregn-4-ene-21,17-carbolactone, helping chemists connect literature across national or trade naming conventions.
Any medication with a narrow therapeutic window brings risks—especially in older adults juggling multiple prescriptions. Eplerenone requires careful monitoring of potassium and kidney function because it can push potassium levels dangerously high if paired with other drugs that spare potassium or if the patient already has renal impairment. FDA labeling presses for regular blood work during therapy, especially after dose changes or if new medications join the list. Pharmacies and clinics rely on electronic medical records to flag interactions and dose-finding errors, guarding against the most common mistakes. Policies call for secure storage away from light and moisture, preserving potency across long shipping and storage timelines. Workplace protocols in pharmaceutical manufacturing prioritize closed handling of raw compound dust, proper PPE, and waste reclamation, all part of reducing long-term environmental exposure.
Doctors turn to eplerenone for heart failure that follows a heart attack, drawing on solid evidence that it cuts down on hospitalizations and drops the risk for further cardiovascular events. They prescribe it for resistant hypertension and sometimes for off-label uses like diabetic nephropathy, though guidelines stick tighter to its validated cardiac use. Researchers and practitioners consider it a lower-risk alternative to spironolactone for those patients who develop breast tenderness or gynecomastia. Sports medicine rarely touches eplerenone because its relevance revolves around managing cardiovascular injury, not performance enhancement. Its role grows as populations age and more people require nuanced management of high blood pressure and heart failure—key for public health budgets and health system planning. Nurses, internists, and cardiologists all touch this medication in hospital and outpatient settings.
Ongoing clinical studies track eplerenone’s effects in broader populations, like those with early-stage kidney disease, people with metabolic syndrome, and patients with arrhythmias linked to heart structure changes. Investigators mine health records and registries to puzzle out long-term benefits, especially compared to older competitors or combination therapies. Pharmaceutical firms test new delivery forms—extended-release tablets or combination products with other antihypertensive agents—hoping for better patient compliance and fewer missed doses. Analytical chemists continue picking apart drug metabolism and genetic variations that shift response and risk. Every few years, systematic reviews churn out guidance that tightens clinical practice, backed by fresh meta-analyses from heart failure trial data.
Animal studies before approval checked eplerenone for organ toxicity, reproductive effects, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity, stacking it up against expectations built from its steroidal cousins. Data point to relatively mild risks, with most adverse effects clustering around electrolyte shifts and slight blood pressure dips—issues that respond well to dose adjustment or monitoring. Rare toxicities, such as severe hyperkalemia, emerge in patients with chronic kidney disease or drug interactions that block its breakdown in the liver. Ongoing pharmacovigilance programs scoop up real-world data, catching rare incidents that slip past premarket trials. Toxicologists lean on up-to-date blood chemistry panels and patient reports to tweak risk management strategies as more data arrives every year.
Eplerenone faces a future shaped by several trends: an aging population, more chronic disease, and deeper understanding of how mineralocorticoid receptors affect organs beyond the heart. Precision medicine could drive more selective use, screening patients for predictors of benefit or risk using genetic or biomarker panels. The coming years may see more once-daily formulations, combinations with novel heart failure agents, or slow-release patches for patients who struggle with pills. Broader digital health records will make it easier to catch problems like hyperkalemia before symptoms turn dangerous. As environmental and manufacturing standards tighten, expect new synthetic methods that cut solvent waste and energy use, with a growing nod to green chemistry. Eplerenone’s niche may widen as researchers uncover connections to inflammatory and metabolic disorders, possibly leading to more indications than those carved out over the past two decades.
I remember hearing about Eplerenone for the first time from a friend who worked in cardiology. He talked about it with genuine relief—finally something new for patients already overwhelmed by daily medications. Eplerenone helps people with high blood pressure and certain heart problems live more stable lives. Unlike many older drugs, this one does more than manage numbers on a chart. It works behind the scenes, helping the body fight off long-term effects of extra fluid and stress on the heart.
High blood pressure affects a huge slice of the population, and it rarely comes alone. It sneaks in quietly yet hits hard when left unchecked, leading to strokes and kidney issues. Eplerenone blocks a hormone called aldosterone—a key player in the body's system for controlling blood pressure and fluid balance. Instead of just forcing fluid out, Eplerenone takes pressure off blood vessels and the heart itself. This approach matters because it also protects organs from slow, silent damage caused by unchecked hypertension.
After a heart attack, the heart struggles to keep up. Even the smallest effort feels like lifting a rock. Eplerenone steps in for patients fighting heart failure, especially after an attack. In one pivotal study called EPHESUS, patients given Eplerenone lived longer and had fewer repeat hospital visits. I think of the exhausted relatives shuffling in and out of emergency rooms—Eplerenone offers real hope by reducing these frantic returns.
Doctors see that with this medication, hearts do not give up as quickly, and patients regain energy over months. Some of the best stories in medicine come not from complicated surgeries but from simple pills taken every morning.
Kidney specialists have watched Eplerenone closely. Diabetes and high blood pressure damage kidneys slowly, and reversing this is never easy. By blocking aldosterone, Eplerenone can slow down this damage. It is not a magic fix, but for people with both heart disease and kidney issues, it adds another layer of protection.
Like any medication, Eplerenone brings its own set of worries. Too much potassium in the blood—the kind that can cause dangerous heart rhythms—shows up in lab results sometimes. Doctors often need to keep a watchful eye on those numbers. Regular blood tests keep people safe and allow quick tweaks to medication before issues grow.
One key hurdle is awareness. Many patients do not know this option exists. Fewer still realize it can pair with other standard drugs like ACE inhibitors or beta blockers. Doctors and nurses could make a bigger difference by talking with their patients about the full range of options, explaining in plain language what each drug does and what to look out for.
Eplerenone points to a shift in how we treat chronic disease: more targeted, more thoughtful, and more focused on long-term outcomes. More accessible guidelines, patient support groups, and public education programs could help people get better results. Pharmacists—often more available than doctors—can help catch interactions and offer advice on sticking with treatment.
Eplerenone does not solve every heart or kidney problem but gives people one more strong tool in the fight—a pill that comes with decades of research and the wisdom of doctors who have seen patients live better, longer lives because of it.
Eplerenone helps treat high blood pressure and heart failure, especially after a recent heart attack. Doctors often turn to it as a way to block the effects of a hormone called aldosterone, which can lead to fluid retention and stress the heart. In practice, it can work wonders by lowering the risk of serious heart problems, stroke, and kidney trouble. Having prescribed this type of medication to patients, I’ve seen firsthand how important it can be to keep blood pressure in check and support heart function.
One thing about any medication—the benefits usually come with some tradeoffs. For eplerenone, the side effect that usually pops up is high potassium levels in the blood, known as hyperkalemia. This can be dangerous and isn’t always easy to spot on your own. People might feel weak or develop an irregular heartbeat. Some clinics routinely check potassium and kidney function with simple blood tests because catching a problem early makes all the difference.
Another common issue: mild dizziness or a feeling of lightheadedness, especially when standing up quickly. Lowering blood pressure can sometimes swing things too far, leaving people feeling a little unsteady, especially after starting or increasing the dose. Staying hydrated and standing up slowly often help.
Increased urination is something else that gets reported. The way eplerenone works—getting rid of excess salt and water—means folks may be making more trips to the restroom. In practical terms, that can be inconvenient, especially at night.
Some patients talk about headaches, fatigue, or stomach upset, though these seem to happen less often than the bigger concerns above. Occasionally, men may notice tenderness or swelling in the breast area or even some breast enlargement. This kind of hormonal side effect feels especially frustrating or embarrassing but isn’t harmful on its own. Open conversations between doctors and patients can help with any worries around those topics.
A small group may notice cough or chest pain, though these symptoms should never be ignored, as they may point to something else more serious unrelated to the medication.
Regular follow-up visits make a world of difference with eplerenone. In my experience, most of the severe side effects happen when people either skip lab visits or take other medications or supplements that raise potassium too. Potassium-rich salt substitutes and certain pain medicines can spike potassium levels, so patients need clear guidance and real, simple explanations.
Some mistakes happen, such as patients thinking over-the-counter pain pills are harmless or that taking more than one blood pressure pill from different doctors won’t cause trouble. A good relationship with healthcare providers, ready access to information, and transparency about all medications and supplements usually keep everyone safe.
Education around symptoms like muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, or confusion should go beyond a quick rundown at the pharmacy. These are signs potassium might be too high and always deserve a call to the clinic. Clear, direct talk—without medical jargon—builds trust so nobody feels afraid to ask questions or report changes.
Managing most of these side effects comes down to teamwork between the person taking the medicine and the medical team. Regular blood tests, regular conversations about the full list of medicines, and a “no stupid questions” policy lead to better results and fewer surprises. In day-to-day life, the gentle power of a good monitoring habit saves a lot of worry and keeps the focus on the real goal—better heart health and peace of mind.
Doctors often prescribe eplerenone to help people dealing with heart failure or high blood pressure. The medicine works by blocking a hormone that can raise blood pressure and put a strain on the heart. For many, it fills a critical gap in therapy, slowing down heart damage after a heart attack and keeping blood pressure steady. Those benefits are not small; they mean a lower risk of hospital stays and a better shot at longer, healthier years with loved ones.
Swallowing those pills as directed can sound simple. In reality, life is messy. Doctors recommend taking eplerenone once or twice daily, with or without food, usually at the same time each day. That sort of regularity helps keep blood levels even, giving the heart what it needs to stay protected. Based on my time working with cardiac patients, folks who choose morning as their routine find it easy to remember—maybe tucking the pill in with breakfast, scribbling a reminder, or syncing it with another habit.
Missing a dose happens. People get busy, days blur together. Skipping a dose once by accident doesn’t ruin the plan, but doubling up to catch up rarely ends well. It’s better to take it as soon as possible if you remember the same day, then continue as normal. Forgetting until the next scheduled time means just carrying on—not swallowing two.
Potassium can sneak up as a silent problem. Eplerenone raises potassium in the blood. Too much can cause muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, or worse. That risk grows if someone eats lots of potassium-rich foods, like bananas, oranges, or salt substitutes, or takes certain painkillers or supplements. Blood work checks potassium and kidney numbers before and during treatment. Some folks get lab slips to take care of this at the local clinic. Results matter, and if potassium drifts too high, adjusting the dose or pausing the medication protects health.
No one thrives if they hide symptoms or stop medicine cold turkey without talking to the doctor. Dizziness and breast tenderness can show up, especially for women, so staying open about changes allows for safe tweaks in therapy. I often hear people complain about feeling tired or lightheaded, especially early on. Checking blood pressure at home—a habit I always encourage—can help spot if eplerenone is causing too much dip. Bringing a log of those numbers to each clinic visit lets care teams make evidence-based decisions.
Sorting out refills before the last pill, using a pillbox, and setting phone alarms smooth out the bumps. I have seen countless patients thrive just by tying eplerenone to an established daily task. For those with questions, pharmacists remain underrated allies. Asking them about drug interactions—including over-the-counter cold remedies or herbal supplements—can stop surprises before they start. Regular appointments offer a chance to update the doctor about any new meds, supplements, or changing health concerns.
Every choice with eplerenone reflects a partnership—using trustworthy research, regular monitoring, and honest conversation to stay ahead of trouble. This medicine helps control blood pressure and heart failure for many, but it works best as part of a real, daily plan, not just words on a prescription pad.
Eplerenone manages high blood pressure and heart failure by blocking aldosterone, a hormone with a knack for making bodies hold onto salt and water. Too much salt means higher blood pressure, pushing hearts and blood vessels to work harder. Many people use eplerenone every day, but what usually gets overlooked is how this medication can mix with others in someone's routine.
Doctors prescribe eplerenone for folks with heart trouble or high blood pressure. The thing is, people managing those issues often take a handful of pills to keep their symptoms under control. That can be a recipe for surprise side effects. Mixing eplerenone with certain drugs – even common ones like potassium supplements, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, or certain antifungal treatments – can send potassium levels soaring. High potassium might not sound scary, but in reality, it can mess with the rhythm of the heart or make someone feel weak and tired.
Personal experience tells me doctors and pharmacists catch these issues if they know all the medicines a person takes. I once had a family member on eplerenone and a blood pressure pill. After a few weeks, she felt dizzy and overwhelmed. Her bloodwork showed a potassium spike. After a medication review with her pharmacist, they realized the drug combination was to blame. Adjusting her meds made a huge difference, but the lesson stuck: drug interactions are sometimes hidden and only obvious when something goes wrong.
Medical research confirms these dangers. A sizable study in the New England Journal of Medicine highlights how eplerenone, when combined with certain other drugs, raises the risk for kidney problems and severe hyperkalemia. The FDA advises close monitoring, particularly for people over 65 or for those with kidney issues, since both situations ramp up the chances for bad outcomes.
Diuretics that spare potassium and cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors take things a step further. Grapefruit juice or antifungal drugs like ketoconazole can block the breakdown of eplerenone, making its effects stronger and longer-lasting. That isn’t something easily fixed by just skipping a pill or two.
Open communication between patients and providers makes all the difference. Bringing a list of all medications—including vitamins and over-the-counter products—to every appointment can head off a crisis. Regular blood tests help spot trouble before symptoms boil over into something dangerous.
Pharmacists have a powerful role to play. Many will catch drug interactions during routine refills if they get the full medication list. Today’s electronic records make this easier than ever, but manual checks still help. Anyone who starts eplerenone needs sharp eyes on any changes to their medicine routine, especially new antibiotics, pain relievers, or supplements.
Education is another big tool. People don’t need to memorize every possible combination, but some basic facts save lives. If someone notices muscle weakness, twitching, or a pounding heartbeat after a med change, reporting it quickly can stop something small from turning into a bigger mess.
Managing chronic illness often involves juggling several pills each day. That’s never easy, and it can feel overwhelming. Yet drug interactions aren’t rare accidents—they’re events most can prevent with teamwork and information. Eplerenone deserves a watchful eye because it offers real benefits, but not at the expense of new, hidden problems.
Eplerenone gets plenty of attention for its heart benefits. Doctors prescribe it to help manage high blood pressure and heart failure. Still, this drug comes with some real risks—risks I’ve seen spark tough conversations in clinics and among families that worry about one bad pill choice. All medicines hold a double edge, but some folks face more danger from eplerenone than others.
People living with chronic kidney disease often have a bad time with extra potassium. Eplerenone blocks hormones that make you hold salt and lose potassium. So if your kidneys don’t filter well, potassium goes up too high, and that’s not just a number on a lab report. I’ve seen what hyperkalemia—too much potassium—can do: muscle weakness, heart rhythm mess-ups, even sudden cardiac arrest in the ER. Studies show patients with a creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min face a sharply higher risk. The FDA’s own labeling flags this problem. High blood potassium kills quietly and fast, and no pill should tip people over that edge.
Some people with type 2 diabetes start spilling protein into their urine. That’s a sign kidneys can’t keep their guard up. Eplerenone, in this case, joins the list of things that make kidneys struggle even more. Doctors who know this field will reach for other blood pressure medicines first. I’ve listened to pharmacists quietly double-check doses with physicians when they see both diabetes and proteinuria in someone’s record. The risk of fatal potassium problems in this group just isn’t worth it—there’s much safer ground with other medications. Data from major studies backs this up, pointing out hospitalization rates for potassium spikes in these patients.
Starting eplerenone without enough potassium in your blood doesn’t sound like a big problem, but the drug can swing potassium in ways that become unpredictable. Many clinics run a quick test before sending a eplerenone prescription to the pharmacy. If labs show serum potassium over 5.5 mmol/L, physicians should hold off. In my experience, people who start off out of range almost always fare worse, no matter how carefully they’re watched.
Eplerenone interacts badly with many common drugs, especially certain antifungals, antibiotics, and antivirals. These medications push eplerenone levels higher by blocking liver enzymes responsible for breaking it down. I once met a patient in the hospital who developed wild blood pressure swings after taking ketoconazole and eplerenone together. The entourage of HIV medications, antifungals, and even grapefruit can wreck the body’s balance, which feels less like a minor side effect and more like Russian roulette. The FDA and European health agencies both warn against mixing drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 with eplerenone—sometimes, a pharmacist acts as the last line of defense.
Doctors and pharmacists can do better by staying alert for lab results and checking patients’ medicine lists for dangerous interactions. Electronic health records, if used right, help. Patients should feel free to talk honestly about their kidney health, medicines, and diet. Bringing all prescriptions—even supplements—to appointments makes pharmacist reviews thorough. Education and a deliberate conversation about potassium and kidney health go a long way.
Ignoring these red flags sets people up for harm that could have been avoided. By paying attention—both inside the clinic and at home—folks can dodge most preventable problems tied to eplerenone. As someone who has watched good people end up in the ICU over a missed warning, I’d rather see everyone get the facts early and stay out of trouble.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (7α,11α,17α)-9,11-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxo-17-(1-oxopropoxy)pregn-4-en-21-carboxylic acid, γ-lactone |
| Pronunciation | /ɛˈplɛr.əˌnoʊn/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (7α,11α,17α)-9,11-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxopregn-7-ene-21,17-carbolactone |
| Pronunciation | /ɛˈplɛrəˌnoʊn/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 107724-20-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3585773 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7791 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1117 |
| ChemSpider | 4912 |
| DrugBank | DB00700 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.123.989 |
| EC Number | EC 4.2.1.99 |
| Gmelin Reference | 113142 |
| KEGG | D04039 |
| MeSH | D000072633 |
| PubChem CID | 443872 |
| RTECS number | RA1637300 |
| UNII | L0JVW2TWZF |
| UN number | UN3077 |
| CAS Number | 107724-20-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3613187 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:78111 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201237 |
| ChemSpider | 4912 |
| DrugBank | DB00700 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.276 |
| EC Number | EC 4.2.1.34 |
| Gmelin Reference | 126145 |
| KEGG | D07916 |
| MeSH | D000072821 |
| PubChem CID | 443873 |
| RTECS number | RA0600000 |
| UNII | 5M6LZQ43AQ |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C24H30O6 |
| Molar mass | 414.485 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.085 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble |
| log P | 2.2 |
| Vapor pressure | 4.3 x 10^-14 mmHg |
| Acidity (pKa) | 20.36 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb = 12.0 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -70.2·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.595 |
| Dipole moment | 3.09 D |
| Chemical formula | C24H30O6 |
| Molar mass | 414.494 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white crystalline powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | D: 1.1 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 2.1 |
| Vapor pressure | 7.13E-10 mmHg |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.13 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.85 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -77.2e-6 cm^3/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.528 |
| Dipole moment | 4.0 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 534.8 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -939.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -10400 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 262.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -948.6 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -9626.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | C03DA04 |
| ATC code | C03DA04 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Hyperkalemia, renal impairment, hypotension, dizziness |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Pictograms | lactose-free, prescription-only, oral-use |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302: Harmful if swallowed. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | Flash point: 322.1°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 220°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): >2000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Mouse (oral) 1552 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | DFE |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 50–100 mg once daily |
| Main hazards | May cause hyperkalemia, renal impairment, hypotension, dizziness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: Warning, H319, P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| Pictograms | lactose-free, prescription-only, oral-use |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H319 |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. If swallowed, get medical help or contact a Poison Control Center right away. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-1-0 |
| Flash point | 211.3 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 400°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): >2000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): Rat oral >2000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | MU8K8446EI |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL: Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 50–100 mg once daily |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | No IDLH established |
Providing high-quality chemical products and logistics solutions for global trade partners.
