The story of Penfluridol began in the late 1960s, right at the heart of an era where pharmaceutical companies focused heavily on the central nervous system drugs. People searched for antipsychotics that could keep symptoms in check without needing to swallow pills every few hours. Drug makers in the Netherlands, especially Janssen Pharmaceutica, came up with Penfluridol—an oral, long-acting antipsychotic meant to give relief for days, not hours. Early clinical trials pointed to its ability to help manage schizophrenia and similar disorders for entire weeks. Unlike the heavy tranquilizers of the past, this medication was designed for outpatient use, giving people a fighting chance to live outside institution walls. So clinicians and families both welcomed the reduced burden of daily dosing schedules. Word spread quickly through psychiatric journals, and soon Penfluridol found a spot in treatment regimens across Europe and other parts of the world. It represented hope for many who found nothing but limits with older medications.
Penfluridol belongs to the diphenylbutylpiperidine family, which packs a punch as a typical antipsychotic. It stood out for one primary reason: dosing once weekly. This medicine came as tablets, usually in strengths like 20 mg or 40 mg. Doctors used it mainly for maintenance, not for crises, meaning patients who reached stability took it to stay that way. Its main rivals were injections like fluphenazine decanoate. Unlike some antipsychotics that sedated everyone into a stupor, Penfluridol offered symptom control without heavy drowsiness. The ease of swallowing a tablet once a week meant fewer police calls over missed doses and hospital readmissions. I’ve spoken with families who remember the relief when it meant less disruption to school or work life for someone with schizophrenia.
Penfluridol shows up as a white or off-white powder. It resists dissolving in water but opens up a bit in organic solvents like chloroform and methanol. Its chemical formula is C28H27ClF5N2O, tipping the scales at about 523 grams per mole. Structurally, Penfluridol sports a butyrophenone skeleton, and scientists tinkered with the molecule to perfect its fit on dopamine receptors. Its melting point generally falls between 195 and 203°C. The lipophilic nature lets it stay in body fat, accounting for the extended half-life and those once-weekly dosing instructions. Because it's not water-loving, pharmaceutical companies had to work around this property when designing easy-to-swallow tablets.
Drug manufacturers stamp Penfluridol products with clear technical information. Each batch comes tested for identity by IR and UV, with purity above 99%. Impurity thresholds, especially for related substances and residual solvents, meet strict ICH guidelines. Labels list the tablet strength, the route (oral), and all excipients. Each package includes warnings about tardive dyskinesia, a severe movement disorder that sometimes lingers even after stopping the drug. Storage instructions usually call for room temperature and protection from excess moisture. Each label, especially in Europe, also lists the legal category—prescription-only. Pharmacies check batch numbers and expiration dates to lower the risks that come with old or mishandled stock. As someone who has watched recalls unfold, these checks are not bureaucratic red tape; small errors in labeling or purity can have massive real-world consequences.
Synthesizing Penfluridol begins with constructing the diphenylbutylpiperidine backbone. Chemists start with the right aryl ketones, using Friedel-Crafts acylation to connect aromatic rings. The key intermediates undergo alkylation and amination steps that eventually create a piperidine ring. Chemists introduce a trifluoromethyl group and a para-chloro substituent to tune up neuroleptic activity. Careful purification steps follow, involving crystallization and solvent washes, which pull impurities out. Each stage calls for analytical testing—think HPLC and NMR—to double-check the product’s identity and ensure no stray contaminants. For those mixing the final tablet, good manufacturing practice means weighing, blending, and pressing powder under strict conditions. Small mistakes can lead to inconsistent active content, so people sweat the small stuff with every batch.
Penfluridol’s chemical story doesn’t stop once it rolls off the production line. Laboratories keep exploring structural tweaking, using Penfluridol as a jumping-off point to develop molecules with milder side effects or improved brain penetration. The functional groups on its rings open doors for nucleophilic substitution and oxidative reactions. Researchers have swapped out the halogen atoms, added different alkyl chains, or introduced electron-withdrawing groups, each time checking if the new molecule tames psychosis with a gentler touch. Some labs spend their days mapping out these modifications, looking for DNA-damaging byproducts or breakdown products when exposed to light, acid, or enzymes. Having undivided access to a structure like Penfluridol gives medicinal chemists a playground for future drug discovery or forensic analysis.
Penfluridol has plenty of aliases. In published studies or on pharmacy shelves, you might see it as Semap, Micefal, or Longoperidol. Chemical catalogs list it as Penfluridolum or 1-[4,4-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)butyl]-4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-hydroxypropyl]piperidine. The United States Adopted Name (USAN) is Penfluridol, so that’s the name you’ll usually spot in textbooks, regulatory filings, and hospital formularies. Synonyms help cross-reference research or track down older case reports. Every now and then, a clinician asks about a study on “Semap” only to find it’s just Penfluridol under a different name. Drug databases rely on these cross-links to make sense of global literature.
Handling Penfluridol requires respect. Cutting corners in labs or pharmacies can have real consequences. Workers follow established safety protocols: gloves, lab coats, and sometimes chemical hoods for bulk powders. Material safety data sheets flag the dangers of inhalation, skin contact, or accidental ingestion. Pharmacies keep stock locked away since unauthorized use—or diversion—carries huge risks. Training for staff covers safe compounding, disposal, and first aid for accidental spills. Regular audits catch potential shortcuts that tempt busy staff. The drug’s labeling highlights severe risks like neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, or sudden cardiac issues. I’ve seen hospitals double-check patient records for heart conditions before dispensing Penfluridol, no matter how rushed the shift might be.
Penfluridol found its niche in psychiatry, specifically for managing chronic schizophrenia and sometimes for certain behavioral disorders. Its long action made it valuable in community mental health. Physicians prescribed it mainly to people who needed ongoing symptom control and who struggled to stick to a daily pill schedule. It never gained much ground for treating acute psychosis—other drugs worked faster or allowed for easier dose changes in emergencies. The weekly dosing gave family caregivers some breathing room, free from daily struggles to get a loved one to take medicine. Also, by reducing regular pill swallowing, the stigma sometimes tied to a diagnosis shrank for many. Unlike clozapine or newer atypicals, Penfluridol held a reliable but less glamorous spot in the psychiatric pharmacy.
Research around Penfluridol continues, though not always in the spotlight. Scientists run head-to-head clinical trials against newer antipsychotics, grappling with questions around side effects and metabolic risks. Some researchers explore whether its chemical structure could become the backbone for drugs against other neuropsychiatric challenges—Tourette’s, Huntington’s, or severe aggression. A few oncology labs have probed Penfluridol, drawing connections between antipsychotics and cancer biology, especially around glioblastoma. Academic centers keep updating best-practice guidelines as more long-term safety and effectiveness data trickle in. Drug companies still review whether fresh chemical tweaks can build on Penfluridol’s reliability while shedding some of the side effects like parkinsonism or weight gain.
Penfluridol, like any typical antipsychotic, hits dopamine pathways hard—it can cause tremors, stiffness, or even tardive dyskinesia if used carelessly. Toxicologists run animal and cellular studies to track exactly how much is too much, and what triggers long-lasting brain changes. Overdose cases documented in clinical settings show symptoms like deep sedation, arrhythmias, low blood pressure, and severe movement disorders. In the lab, chronic exposure models flag concerns around liver impact and changes in hormonal axes. Doctors report rare but fatal complications like neuroleptic malignant syndrome, especially when combined with dehydration or other medications. Newer research digs into subtle, long-term effects: how low-dose, high-exposure targets areas of the brain linked to memory, mood, or motivation. For those on Penfluridol, frequent monitoring becomes a routine part of life—checking heart rhythm, blood pressure, blood sugar, and involuntary movements.
Though Penfluridol has lost some ground to so-called “atypicals” like aripiprazole and olanzapine, its appeal hasn’t disappeared. Researchers still look for affordable, long-acting drugs for underfunded health systems, where weekly dosing keeps people stable without costly injections. Specialists in parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, and South America see Penfluridol as a workhorse—trusted, predictable, and accessible. Scientists continue to chase modifications that lower the risk of movement disorders and metabolic complications, looking to create next-generation analogues or combination drugs with built-in safety nets. Digital health platforms, which remind patients when to take medicine, pair well with a weekly antipsychotic, cutting down on missed doses. There’s a growing push in global mental health initiatives to expand access to older, well-studied drugs like Penfluridol, especially in communities wiped out by hospital closures and resource shortages. Its future will likely merge chemistry, digital alerts, and support networks, giving more stability to those living with severe mental illness.
Penfluridol has never been a household name, but people living with schizophrenia and some other psychiatric conditions have encountered it. Used for more than forty years, penfluridol belongs to a class called long-acting oral antipsychotics. Doctors used this drug to help people who saw or heard things that weren’t there or felt deeply paranoid. The idea behind penfluridol hinged on its once-weekly dosing, which could give people and families a break from daily pills. For many with chronic psychiatric illness, sticking to treatment gets tough, especially as symptoms can convince someone that medicine isn’t needed. A weekly tablet promised a new option compared to daily routines that don’t always work out.
The core use of penfluridol targets severe mental health symptoms. It works by blocking certain dopamine receptors in the brain. Too much dopamine activity seemed to play a role in hallucinations or delusions. By reducing that activity, people often felt more grounded and able to function day to day. Psychosis does real harm in daily life. Families witness loved ones become strangers to themselves, losing jobs, relationships, and even basic self-care. Medications like penfluridol can turn that around, bringing back some sense of normalcy.
Research over decades supports that penfluridol makes a difference in controlling psychotic symptoms. Studies in the 1970s and 1980s showed that weekly penfluridol helped lower hospital readmissions and kept symptoms stable for many individuals. Some work compared penfluridol to other drugs such as haloperidol or fluphenazine, finding similar benefits in symptom control. Missing fewer doses thanks to the weekly schedule made the biggest impact.
Penfluridol created new hope, but it also brought its own problems. People taking it often dealt with side effects that included muscle stiffness, tremors, and restlessness. These movement problems—called extrapyramidal symptoms—make life difficult. Parkinson’s-like tremors or rigidity pushed plenty of patients to stop the drug. Weight gain, sedation, and dry mouth only added to daily struggles. Having worked with people dealing with schizophrenia, I’ve seen how hard it becomes when treatment trades one set of problems for another.
Doctors turn to penfluridol less often today. Newer antipsychotics bring fewer movement-related side effects and offer options like monthly injectable forms, which have changed the landscape. Access, tolerability, and better communication between patients and providers matter a lot. Looking at real-world evidence, people now value drugs that address both symptoms and quality of life. Many experts encourage shared decision-making, focusing on what each person hopes to get back in their daily life, not just what shows up in a study.
Mental health care works best with choices. Penfluridol serves as a reminder: every person’s journey is unique. Some still rely on long-acting oral medicine when nothing else fits. Solutions should aim for medicines that support people’s goals without overwhelming them with burdensome side effects. Research now tackles not only symptom control but also well-being, employment, and social connection. Medicine needs to listen—to patients, to evidence, to families. Future answers must put those voices at the center.
Penfluridol makes life manageable for some people who struggle with severe mental health conditions like schizophrenia. With its long action, just one pill a week gives stability. Behind that convenience, the medicine can also come with side effects—ones people and their doctors can’t afford to ignore.
Most antipsychotics, especially the older, so-called “first generation” types like penfluridol, share a similar profile of side effects. Many who take it notice it right away in the form of drowsiness. Feeling wiped out seeped into my daily rhythm when I once helped a friend navigate their antipsychotic treatment. This sedation sometimes makes it tough for patients to focus, drive, or even get through a workday with clear thinking.
Movement problems put penfluridol in the hot seat. Doctors call these extrapyramidal symptoms. For a few people, muscle stiffness, rigid arms and legs, or a tremor might show up after taking penfluridol. These symptoms sometimes resemble what’s seen in Parkinson’s disease and can be a real blow to personal confidence. I can never forget how uncomfortable it was to see a neighbor struggling with tongue movements she just couldn’t control during her therapy. Sticking to regular check-ups and reporting any early signs quickly holds real value, because catching these changes keeps them from becoming lifelong issues.
Anyone taking penfluridol should also keep an eye out for dry mouth, blurred vision, and sometimes constipation. These side effects happen because the drug impacts the way nerves communicate in the body. Older adults might struggle the most, which I’ve seen firsthand in community clinics; a simple dry mouth can snowball into difficulty swallowing, loss of appetite, or even dental problems if ignored.
Weight gain and shifts in metabolism also creep in for some users. Extra pounds slip on over months of use and can pave the way for diabetes or high cholesterol. A 2020 systematic review published in Frontiers in Psychiatry noted a measurable risk of metabolic changes with chronic use of antipsychotics, penfluridol included. Regular checks on weight, blood sugar, and cholesterol give everyone a fighting chance at early intervention.
Some rare but very serious side effects include signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This comes out of the blue, with very high fever, muscle rigidity, confusion, and a racing heartbeat. In my years around psychiatric medicine, treating that as an emergency made all the difference. Anyone who feels suddenly unwell needs to reach out for medical help straight away.
Coping with side effects rests on honest conversations between patients and their care teams. Bringing a list of daily struggles to appointments means nothing gets missed. For movement issues, doctors might adjust the dose, or add another medicine to control tremors or rigidity. People battling dry mouth often find relief with sugar-free candies or more frequent sips of water.
For weight changes, finding support in a dietitian or joining a community walking group leads to results. Early, regular lab checks keep blood sugar and heart health on track. Above all, reaching out at the first sign of a new symptom helps prevent a small side effect from ruining the progress the treatment brings.
Penfluridol shows the power of modern medicine, but it asks for teamwork — careful attention, good communication, and a willingness to tweak the plan as life changes.
Penfluridol comes with a strong reputation in treating certain psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. People often see it as a long-acting antipsychotic that helps manage symptoms over time. One single dose can have an effect for about a week, which means patients don’t have to keep up with daily pills. That offers a big relief for anyone who struggles to remember medicine every day, or who finds sticking to a complicated schedule tough.
Doctors usually start with a lower dose to see how someone reacts. Swallowing the tablets with some water once a week is the usual practice, and the timing is important. Some folks may take it at the same hour each week to help avoid missing a dose. Routines matter here, because consistency delivers the steady blood level needed for control of symptoms.
Skipping a dose or taking too much can lead to problems. Skipping may invite symptoms back; taking extra can open the door to unpleasant side effects like sleepiness, tremors, or stiffness. One strong memory from working at a mental health clinic is seeing a few patients show up confused and restless because they mixed up their schedule, which threw off their mood and thinking. This can lead to ED visits, unnecessary stress, and even complications that call for hospital admission.
Sticking close to a health provider’s advice plays a big role. Some people try to handle their own adjustments after reading about others’ experiences online, but antipsychotics act differently for everyone. Metabolism, age, and other medicines all count. Clinical experience shows that people often have unique responses, so regular check-ins with the prescriber help catch problems early.
Blood tests or other checkups sometimes come up, especially with longer use. Side effects do occur, including weight gain, dry mouth, or coordination issues. The doctor may ask to watch for any sudden changes in muscle tone, tongue movement, or restlessness. Family or friends often spot these changes even before the person feels them. That outside perspective adds real value, as mental health impacts thinking and self-awareness.
At home, keeping penfluridol away from children and sunlight helps preserve its strength. It should stay in a cool, dry place. Setting up a reminder on a phone or marking a calendar helps many people remember, especially for a weekly pill instead of a daily habit. Some caregivers I’ve met have created simple charts or used pill organizers with separate slots for weekly-only medicines.
Staying open with the healthcare team improves outcomes. Reporting side effects right away, asking questions, and voicing concerns make a big difference. I’ve seen many patients struggle in silence before mentioning issues at a regular appointment. Open talk about side effects or changes in mood can catch trouble early, allowing a doctor to adjust the plan before small problems snowball into bigger ones.
Medications like penfluridol often mean families and caregivers help manage weekly routines. Transparent conversations, combined with support groups or community resources, provide a safety net. Adherence gets easier with encouragement and a shared understanding of the treatment goals, and it’s important to remember that doing well on medication often depends on a network as much as an individual’s discipline or memory.
Penfluridol isn’t a name most folks hear at a regular doctor’s visit. It’s an old antipsychotic, usually prescribed for people dealing with schizophrenia or chronic psychotic disorders. Doctors turned to it in the past because it only needed to be taken once a week. These days, newer drugs with different side effects get prescribed more often, but penfluridol still finds some use in different corners of psychiatry.
Living with schizophrenia or related disorders takes grit, and so does weighing treatment options for the long haul. The reality: most people needing penfluridol plan to take it for months or even years. Folks dealing with psychiatric symptoms want relief, but many also worry about side effects that come with antipsychotics like penfluridol. Families see their loved ones stabilize, but also notice changes in movement, mood, and overall health.
Decades of use and published research point to a few common issues. Penfluridol helps many people keep psychotic symptoms in check, but it brings a higher risk of movement problems compared to newer medications. Tardive dyskinesia — where involuntary movements of the face or limbs develop — crops up with regularity in long-term users. Other concerns include stiffness, restlessness, and tremors. For some, these symptoms fade as the body adapts. For others, they stick around or get worse.
Another problem: penfluridol makes it easier for weight gain and increased cholesterol to sneak up on a patient. Over time, some folks notice changes in blood sugar and occasional heart rhythm issues. Plenty of patients say they feel groggy or slowed down, but families often have to push for regular heart checkups and blood tests. In busy clinics without extra hands, these checkups fall through the cracks.
I’ve met people who credit penfluridol with helping them keep a job or stay out of the hospital. Others get frustrated — not just by the original illness but by the side effects that come with the drug. If your hands shake too much to hold a coffee cup, or your energy drags day after day, sticking with any medicine feels like a tough ask. Many older medications like penfluridol stay locked in a trade-off between stability and comfort. Patients sometimes face a choice between symptom control and dealing with side effects they can’t hide from co-workers or family.
Staying safe with penfluridol definitely isn’t about one-size-fits-all answers. Doctors and patients both benefit from regular conversation, honest about pros and cons. Blood tests and movement evaluations keep people safer, but access to regular follow-up can make or break someone’s experience. If a patient gets good results and avoids heavy side effects, sticking with penfluridol looks reasonable, yet options exist—second-generation antipsychotics or other strategies joined with therapy and strong support.
Education plays a huge role. If prescribers walk patients and families through what to watch for, fewer folks get blindsided by movement problems or heart risks. The drug’s been around for decades, but much about safe long-term use still comes down to basic principles: careful monitoring, honest conversation, and access to alternatives if new problems pop up.
Penfluridol gets prescribed to manage serious mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia. This older antipsychotic steps in when daily pills just don’t add up. One weekly dose does the trick for many patients. Penfluridol’s long-acting nature appeals to folks who struggle to remember a daily routine. Managing a mental illness gets frustrating, but remembering fewer pills makes a difference.
Mixing medications changes how each one works in the body. Some combinations boost side effects or knock down effectiveness. I’ve seen people become drowsy or restless from their schizophrenia meds, even though the original goal was just to smooth out the rough edges of everyday life. Behind the scenes, penfluridol’s work in the brain touches the dopamine and serotonin system, and those systems intersect with several other medicines too.
Certain drugs almost always show up on the caution list for anyone on antipsychotics. Take antidepressants like fluoxetine or paroxetine, for example. These bump up penfluridol levels in the bloodstream, turning side effects from annoying to overwhelming. Restlessness, extra sleepiness, and even serious heart rhythm changes follow. Anti-seizure drugs, like carbamazepine or phenytoin, do the opposite. They clear penfluridol out of the system quicker, sometimes so fast that it stops working as intended. Antibiotics like erythromycin weigh in, too — not in a helpful way. Blood pressure medicines, especially those that make the heart’s rhythm slow or unpredictable, add to the risk of heart rhythm trouble.
People don’t only take prescription medicines. Alcohol and tobacco enter into the mix, and both change how penfluridol acts inside the body. Smoking, in particular, ramps up certain enzymes in the liver that process medications, sometimes lowering penfluridol’s effect. Instead of working on someone’s symptoms, the drug might just get flushed away. Alcohol deepens sedative effects and increases the risk of falling or confusion.
Too many people end up learning about these risks only after a scare. It doesn’t always come up at the doctor’s office. For years, people have shared personal stories with me about winding up in the ER after a medication mix-up. Routine checks get left behind in the shuffle of a busy day, so the pharmacist’s double-check often ends up being the last safety net. Guidance from clinical studies and the FDA backs up every case of drug interaction here. For instance, a review published in the journal Drug Safety underlines these risks with strong evidence and points to more vigilant monitoring as a must.
Getting a complete list of everything — prescription, over-the-counter, herbal — matters. It helps avoid dangerous combinations with penfluridol. Every clinic and pharmacy should encourage sharing any new treatments, no matter how minor they seem. Digital health records help, but discussing your medicines face-to-face still makes the biggest impact. Genetic testing can also flag who processes medications differently, catching risks before problems start. If possible, sticking with a single pharmacy lets one set of eyes catch potential trouble.
Making medicine safer asks for extra vigilance, teamwork, and honest talk with your care team. Seeing the bigger picture of all the pills and supplements in your life gives the best shot at smoother, safer treatment with penfluridol. Staying informed, checking in regularly, and listening to your symptoms always leads to better days.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1-[4,4-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol |
| Other names |
Semap
Micephal Truxal Longoperidol |
| Pronunciation | /pɛnˈflʊrɪˌdɒl/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1-[4,4-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-4-ol |
| Other names |
Semap
Micefal Longoperidol |
| Pronunciation | /penˈflʊrɪˌdɒl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 26864-56-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1701787 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7938 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL7952 |
| ChemSpider | 59706 |
| DrugBank | DB01462 |
| ECHA InfoCard | echa infocard 1000406 |
| EC Number | EC 251-800-0 |
| Gmelin Reference | 88203 |
| KEGG | D05434 |
| MeSH | D010411 |
| PubChem CID | 4745 |
| RTECS number | OV9274000 |
| UNII | 7LJ087RS6F |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CAS Number | 26864-56-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | Beilstein 3914645 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7983 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL803 |
| ChemSpider | 2936 |
| DrugBank | DB01462 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.106.160 |
| EC Number | EC 252-756-0 |
| Gmelin Reference | 77851 |
| KEGG | D05445 |
| MeSH | D010406 |
| PubChem CID | 4746 |
| RTECS number | SJ8150000 |
| UNII | 65M9UDM7ZD |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C28H27ClF5NO |
| Molar mass | 523.046 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 5.8 |
| Vapor pressure | 6.16E-14 mmHg |
| Acidity (pKa) | 14.15 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.61 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -94.6e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.653 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 4.83 D |
| Chemical formula | C28H27ClF5NO |
| Molar mass | 523.469 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble in water |
| log P | 4.8 |
| Vapor pressure | 1.26E-12 mmHg |
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.53 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.41 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -95.0e-6 cm^3/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.684 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 4.56 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 370.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -61.7 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -7072 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 635.4 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -397.9 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -7706.7 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | N05AG03 |
| ATC code | N05AG03 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: Danger; H302, H315, H319, H361, H373, P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P308+P313, P314, P405, P501 |
| Pictograms | `CC(=O)N1CC[C@@](CC1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=CC=C3C4=CC=CC=C4Cl` |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 2-3-0 |
| Flash point | 57.9°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): 1600 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | Mouse oral LD50: 187 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | VQ9275000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 1-2 mg daily |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling of Penfluridol: "Warning; H302, H315, H319, H335 |
| Pictograms | `CN1CCC(CC1)C2=CC3=C(C=C2)C=CC(=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4Cl` |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302 + H332: Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled. |
| Precautionary statements | P264, P270, P261, P280, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| Flash point | 135.7°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (rat, oral): 1400 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Penfluridol: "341 mg/kg (oral, mouse) |
| NIOSH | WH6650000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not Established |
| REL (Recommended) | 7 mg |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not Listed |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Pimozide
Haloperidol Trifluoperazine Fluspirilene Benperidol Droperidol |
| Related compounds |
Haloperidol
Pimozide Trifluperidol Spiperone |
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