Rocuronium bromide didn’t just appear out of nowhere in hospital settings. The path goes back to the need for fast, reliable muscle relaxants in surgery and emergency care. Decades ago, clinicians depended on agents like d-tubocurarine and pancuronium—potent yet not always predictable. The search for something that acted quickly, wore off smoothly, and posed fewer side effects led Dutch researchers to synthesize rocuronium in the late 1980s. They worked by modifying the steroid skeleton of older relaxants, improving how the drug targeted neuromuscular junctions without sticking around long enough to spark long-term complications. Anesthesia began moving faster and safer, thanks to a molecule that struck a compromise between effectiveness and control.
Rocuronium bromide comes as a clear, colorless solution, ready for IV use. Plenty of folks who’ve watched intubations or surgeries remember the steady routine: check the vial, draw up, inject, and monitor paralysis. A single dose takes hold in under two minutes, ideal for crash airways or planned operations. Because it wears off within an hour or so depending on dose, teams who manage surgical and critical care can time procedures without sweating drawn-out recovery. Generic labeling may make it feel interchangeable, but subtle points in handling and dosing remain central to patient safety.
In raw chemical terms, rocuronium bromide stands as a quaternary ammonium compound based on the androstane backbone, water-soluble due to its bromide salt form. The powder dissolves in sterile water, offering the sort of stability that means it can hold up to temperature changes during shipping and storage. Clinicians respect drugs that handle rough operating room conditions: hectic schedules, room-temperature carts, even a dropped vial or two. Color, clarity, and lack of odor become touchpoints as nurses and pharmacists cross-check every dose.
Vials sit on pharmacy shelves with a concentration—usually 10 mg/mL in 5 or 10 mL glass vials. The packaging displays lot numbers, expiry dates, and storage recommendations—store at 2–8°C and protect from light. Labels print precise terms: “for intravenous use only,” “prescription only medicine,” plus manufacturer and batch info for tracing. Pharmacists and anesthesia providers scan for language that covers contraindications and quick reconstitution guidance, knowing full well that mislabeling has led to tragedy before. Full traceability and verification win out over branding every time, especially with drugs so closely intertwined with patient breathing and safety.
Manufacturers initiate synthesis from steroid precursors by introducing chiral centers and modifying the lactam ring, steering the path towards quaternary ammonium formation. The bromide counterion lands last, converting the active base into its salt form. Purification relies on filtration and crystallization, and plenty of quality assurance testing follows. Batches undergo scrutiny for particulate matter, sterility, and precise concentration—they need that level of consistency if every patient reaction should get chalked up to biology, not chemistry gone awry.
Chemists interested in structural tweaks keep eyes on the functional groups that impact binding at the neuromuscular junction. Altering ring methyl groups or swapping side chains leads to new analogs with different onset profiles or durations. Some labs dig into modifications that make reversal easier with new antagonists, learning what shortens or prolongs biological effect. Different salt forms—chloride, acetate—pop up in academic reports, but bromide holds steady for clinical use due to stability and solubility. Studies in analytical chemistry continue measuring degradation products to spot counterfeit formulations and ensure authentic supply.
Most health workers know “rocuronium” by its generic or brand names. The best-known brand globally is Zemuron, though Esmeron also sees regular use outside the United States. Synonyms include terms like “Rocuronio” or more technical names, such as the IUPAC moniker or registry numbers used by regulators. The shifting labels can cause headaches in multinational setups, especially when different language packs and recertification processes meet at global conferences. Vigilance about name confusion plays out in drug cabinets to prevent dosing mistakes.
Rocuronium sits among potent muscle relaxants, so every dose requires close monitoring: respiratory support, heart rate checks, and pulse oximetry. Hospital protocols demand a dedicated crash cart and trained staff any time vials leave locked storage. National guidelines push for double-checks, recordkeeping, and limited access to minimize risk. Facilities enforce clear hand-off procedures when changing shifts, since new faces need full briefing on recent dosing. Agencies like the FDA, EMA, and WHO drive continuous pharmacovigilance, gathering reports on adverse events, counterfeiting, and storage mishaps. Creating a culture where staff report near misses helps keep hospitals safer.
Most folks encounter rocuronium in surgery centers, trauma rooms, or critical care. General anesthesia teams use it during rapid-sequence intubations to flatten muscle movement and make airway work less traumatic. Emergency doctors count on fast onset and reliable return of muscle function, especially when every second counts in a deteriorating airway. The drug also plays a part in ventilated patients at risk of fighting ventilator machines. Researchers running animal models or electrophysiological tests prize its predictable neurological effects. Dentists or outpatient clinicians rarely encounter it, but teaching hospitals nearly always include coverage on rocuronium basics.
The hunt for safer and smarter neuromuscular blockers drives ongoing research. Teams test new analogs that reverse even faster with encapsulating agents like sugammadex. Some push for versions with built-in barcode tracking, aiming to cut down dosing errors before they reach patients. Other labs map the drug’s impact on rare genetic variations in neuromuscular receptors, looking for links between genotype and dosing. Scholars sift through hospital data for trends in adverse events, using rocuronium statistics to learn lessons that ripple out to all high-alert medications.
Toxicologists investigate what happens if dosing overshoots the mark or errors slip through. Rocuronium depresses respiratory muscles, and without ventilator backup, paralysis means no breathing. Research digs into side effects at different concentrations: allergic reactions, residual weakness, or, in the most severe cases, anaphylaxis. Toxicology also covers breakdown products in expired vials—something that looms larger during drug shortages or global shipping disruptions. Studies map out reversal strategies and warning signs, informing both practitioners and patients about how to spot trouble early.
The future for rocuronium bromide promises further integration with automated hospital systems, bolster supply chain transparency, and enable higher customization for patient populations with unusual physiology. Next-generation derivatives aim to reduce the cognitive load on caregivers, shortening onset or providing new fail-safe mechanisms for reversal. Innovation in single-use vials and electronic labeling may help tackle contamination and traceability issues. Ongoing international collaboration will likely shape the safety standards that move from academic journals to every hospital hallway, with shared lessons carrying forward into future generations of muscle relaxants.
Rocuronium bromide finds its place in operating rooms, emergency departments, and intensive care units. When surgery looms, and a patient’s muscles must be relaxed quickly and reliably, doctors reach for this medication. Its main role is to stop muscle movement, making it possible for surgeons or doctors to work without the patient moving or breathing against a ventilator. Fast action is important—especially during emergencies where every second counts, like rapid sequence intubation.
In practice, anyone who has watched anesthesiologists at work knows how valued a drug like rocuronium bromide can become. During an operation for a broken bone or in the chaos of a traumatic injury, staff use rocuronium to make sure a breathing tube slides in smoothly. This isn’t just about convenience; it’s about keeping patients safe from injury. Struggling airways or unexpected movement during delicate procedures put lives at risk.
Rocuronium’s ease of use stands out. Unlike older muscle relaxants, its effects show up quickly, usually within two minutes. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses—they all count on the reliability and predictability rocuronium offers. Side effects exist, of course, and dosing needs attention, but the alternative—waiting for weaker drugs to kick in—just isn’t practical.
Any talk about powerful medicines needs to acknowledge risks. Rocuronium can cause a drop in blood pressure, allergic reactions, or heart rhythm changes. These aren’t common, but they do appear. I’ve seen concerns flare up when a patient doesn’t wake up as expected. Usually, careful monitoring and experienced staff keep things on track. If a problem arises, reversal medicines like sugammadex step in to help bring back normal muscle function.
Clear communication between care teams matters. Pharmacy, anesthesiology, and nursing staff check each order, making sure doses match weight and other health conditions. This sort of collaboration keeps errors from snowballing and protects patients through every round of muscle relaxation.
Rocuronium bromide isn’t an over-the-counter product. It’s a prescription medication used in controlled settings. Its value comes from the way it blocks nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction—essentially cutting off signals that tell muscles to tighten up. That keeps the body still while instruments, tubes, or breathing machines do their work.
Since its approval in the 1990s, rocuronium has changed intubation practice around the world. Multiple studies, including trials published in journals like "Anesthesiology" and the "British Journal of Anaesthesia," show that rocuronium shortens procedure times and lowers the risks associated with airway management. Hospitals everywhere, including community settings and big academic centers, report better outcomes since its introduction.
Medications like rocuronium bromide only reach their potential if teams get proper training. That means more than memorizing dosages. Providers need hands-on experience, simulation training, and good habits around double-checking. Stockouts and supply chain issues can throw a wrench into care plans, so keeping hospital pharmacies well-supplied stays important.
With new drugs always on the horizon, it might seem tempting to look past a mainstay like rocuronium. Yet, given its proven track record, consistent action, and the backup offered by reversal agents, this drug remains an essential piece of safe patient care.
Many people have never heard of rocuronium bromide. Yet, every time a loved one heads in for surgery, there’s a decent chance an anesthesiologist uses it. This is a muscle relaxant doctors often use before intubation or surgery. It helps paralyze the muscles so patients don’t move on the table and doctors can safely do their work. But like most powerful drugs, the story doesn’t end with the benefits.
Rocuronium bromide doesn’t show its effects in gentle ways either. Breathing stops without assistance. Every muscle relaxes — including the diaphragm. That’s the obvious goal during surgery but also the main concern. Anesthesiologists stand at the bedside, ready to breathe for the patient with a ventilator. Most people can’t feel anything during the operation, but I remember hearing stories from my colleagues about the importance of vigilance. If something interrupts the flow of oxygen or the ventilation, things can turn bad in seconds.
Muscle paralysis brings safety risks, but the story does not stop there. People can get fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate. Some may see drops that need quick attention. With any drug that hits the nervous system, body reactions can spiral. Allergic reactions are rare, but the ones that do happen include swelling, hives, even anaphylaxis – a life-threatening response. Now, in a busy hospital setting, fast action and teamwork save the day. Outside of that controlled world, these risks would be unacceptable.
It’s not just about the big emergencies either. Some patients wake up with lasting weakness. Others feel muscle pains, especially if they needed rocuronium in the ICU for days. Friends of mine working in critical care talk about people taking weeks to get back muscle strength. Sometimes, this weakness lingers, complicating recovery and physical therapy.
There’s a lesser-known risk of something called prolonged paralysis. This can happen if a patient’s body clears the drug more slowly, which is common in people with liver problems or older adults. In my own family, I’ve seen relatives struggle to regain normal movement after intensive treatment for illness. It’s tough work for both patient and caregiver.
The real solution sits with awareness and preparation. Doctors talk a lot about risk factors before giving this medication. Good teams keep a close eye on their patients’ muscle movement, oxygen levels, and possible allergic responses. They use monitoring tools, like nerve stimulators, to check muscle activity. Quick access to drugs that reverse the effects, such as sugammadex, adds another layer of safety.
Still, the best tool is always sharp clinical judgment. I’ve sat in on surgery prep meetings where the anesthesia team walks through a patient’s kidney and liver health, weight, and even whether someone smokes. The best teams go slow, double-checking each small step so the patient wakes up as strong as they went under.
The key is constant communication among medical staff and with families who want to understand every risk. Honest discussions about side effects, readiness to handle complications, and follow-up after surgery make a real difference. Society trusts doctors with powerful medicines like rocuronium bromide, and that trust grows stronger when the full picture is on the table.
Stepping inside a busy operating room, you’ll often find clinicians preparing rocuronium bromide as part of their toolkit. This isn’t a medicine for headaches or colds—it’s one that relaxes muscles fast, clearing the way for doctors to insert a breathing tube or do complex surgery. It comes as a clear solution in a vial, and you’ll always see it handled with real caution. Only healthcare professionals administer it, and they keep a close watch on the patient’s breathing at all times.
I remember shadowing an anesthetist during my time at a teaching hospital. Rocuronium doesn’t just go in any way you like; it flows straight into a vein, typically with a syringe or through an intravenous line. The process looks uneventful to the outsider, but the stakes are high. Even the smallest error in how much or how quickly it goes in can have lasting consequences. This isn’t the kind of drug you toss into the routine pile. It demands focus and double-checks.
Most adults who need muscle relaxation for intubation get a single dose—something like 0.6 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. In emergencies or special surgeries, doctors often adjust that amount based on age, liver function, and other factors. Those details can't be guessed. They come from looking at lab results and past experience with similar patients. It’s never a “one dose fits all” situation.
You can’t walk into a pharmacy and pick up rocuronium for home use. The reason? Breathing muscles are no different from other muscles in your body—they also get paralyzed. After this drug enters the bloodstream, you can’t breathe on your own until it wears off or an antidote is given. That’s why you see close monitoring with machines tracking oxygen, pulse, and carbon dioxide. Providers need quick hands and sharp minds for such tasks.
Many folks trust medical staff without worrying about every step, yet mistakes with rocuronium shape headlines and policy changes. Getting the wrong dose or giving it without clear communication has cost lives. In some tragic cases, medication stored in the wrong place led to a nurse grabbing this muscle relaxant instead of a painkiller. That speaks to system failures, not just individual slip-ups.
Mishaps highlight the need for color-coded labels and barcode scans before the medication leaves the tray. It’s not only about smart nurses and doctors—it’s about systems built for safety. The Joint Commission and FDA urge hospitals to tighten controls and offer team training. In my own circle, teams ran drills and quizzes until everyone could spot the difference between high-risk drugs and ordinary saline.
Some hospitals now use closed-loop communication, repeating each step of the drug process out loud. If you hear someone say, “Rocuronium, 20 milligrams, going in now”—you know that room takes no chances. It’s an extra layer between patient and grave error. Organizations also push for pharmacy-prepared syringes, leaving less room for mistakes at the bedside. I’ve seen firsthand how double-checks and barcode confirmation—not just trust in memory—dropped preventable errors to near zero in several wards.
Rocuronium bromide doesn’t demand fear, but it does ask for respect and diligent teamwork every time. With the right hands and a strong safety culture, muscle relaxation becomes another step toward safer surgery and better outcomes.
Rocuronium Bromide holds a definite spot in operating rooms. Surgeons and anesthesiologists know it as a fast-acting muscle relaxant for patients who need their airways managed or their bodies still during tricky procedures. People trust the science, but those on the operating table rarely hear much about what’s happening. Having seen family members go through surgeries, I learned early on how much peace it brings when medical questions get plain answers.
Doctors have to plan every minute in the operating room. A medication like Rocuronium needs precise timing, since it keeps muscles relaxed for a set window—too little time, and the patient could move when stillness matters; too long, and breathing help is needed after the surgery ends. On average, the effect after an intravenous dose lasts around 30 to 60 minutes in most adults. This isn’t just something you “feel;” this is measured by how long it takes before a person’s muscles react again. In practice, age, weight, underlying health, the dose used, and other medications can all shape the time Rocuronium stays active.
A healthy adult recovers much faster than someone struggling with liver problems, as the body clears the drug more slowly if the liver isn’t working at full speed. Obesity, elderly age, and certain diseases can make those effects drag on. Hospitals have seen this play out in studies, with some people taking much longer to “wake up” muscularly than others given the very same dose. It reminds me of how medication doses for pain relief function differently across people in my own family; no treatment works exactly the same for everyone, and doctors can’t stand on autopilot. That’s where the trust in medical experience comes in—where practitioners rely on their deep pool of cases, not just the numbers on a chart.
Problems arise when that muscle relaxation lingers longer than expected, and the person still can’t breathe on their own after the surgery is over. Hospitals prepare for this by using reversal agents like Sugammadex, which can clear Rocuronium out of the system quickly. There have been clinical trial data and real-world reports confirming that properly used reversal drugs can bring the average recovery time down to just a few minutes. These studies back up what experienced anesthesiologists already know: having backup plans and close monitoring makes a difference in safety. Medical review boards and patient safety groups stress the importance of staff training and access to reversal agents as core safety standards.
Solutions revolve around communication and readiness. Patient charts should include details about liver health, past surgeries, and medications. Hospital pharmacies must keep reversal drugs readily available. Nurses and anesthetists should double-check doses, watch monitors closely, and not hesitate to use reversal agents if recovery looks slow. Patients and families have a role as well—asking questions, sharing concerns, and giving full health histories. Simple steps like these have the strongest safety impact, in my experience, and they save time, stress, and even lives in high-stakes situations.
Reliable drugs and good science have supported modern anesthesia for decades now. Rocuronium Bromide, like every medicine, needs respect and vigilance from everyone in the room. Planning makes all the difference, and having skilled professionals who understand the variables helps patients get the best—and safest—care possible.
As a neuromuscular blocker, rocuronium bromide takes over quickly during surgeries or intubations. Yet, this isn’t a medicine everybody can just get as a routine. Some folks walk into a hospital needing rapid airway control and leave with no trouble, while others face real risks. That’s worth talking about.
People with known allergies to rocuronium or other agents in the same class shouldn’t go near this drug. It’s not just hives and a rash—anaphylaxis can turn the operating room into an emergency. This isn’t just theoretical. Reports in the British Journal of Anaesthesia describe anaphylactic reactions connected to rocuronium, sometimes demanding resuscitation within minutes.
I remember an emergency case that called for quick muscle relaxation in a patient with a long history of asthma. Something felt off, so the team reviewed her previous anesthesia records twice. Turns out she'd reacted poorly to another non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker a year before. We found alternatives and didn’t risk rocuronium; she left the hospital with no added scares. Staying alert about these histories isn’t academic—it’s life or death for some.
Rocuronium clears through both the liver and kidneys. Give a standard dose to a person whose liver or kidneys barely function, and the medicine could hang around too long. That’s a tough spot because prolonged muscle relaxation can mean days on a ventilator. A study in “Anesthesiology” showed that people with cirrhosis take longer to process rocuronium, sometimes by hours. Many anesthesiologists give lower doses or pick a different drug if they know about major organ failure.
Other medications—like certain antibiotics or magnesium—can make rocuronium stronger than planned. Magnesium sulfate, often used for preeclampsia in pregnancy, boosts the blocking effect. The patient might suddenly become floppy for longer than anyone expected. This happened during one night shift in labor and delivery; it took great teamwork to manage ventilator settings and reverse the relaxant step by step.
Low levels of potassium or calcium can also ramp up side effects. That’s not unusual among the critically ill, or folks with chronic illness who’ve been throwing up for days. Checking labs before giving rocuronium gets pushed as standard for good reason. If the labs look bad, doctors look for safer alternatives.
Older adults process medicine differently. Someone over 80 may struggle to clear rocuronium, as shown in cohort studies out of Europe. Delayed recovery or weakness is more likely. Some guidelines recommend halving the starting dose for these folks. Infants and kids present their own set of unknowns; dosing takes careful calculation, and most hospitals double-check each order before it reaches the pharmacy.
Simple steps can help all involved. Good record-keeping, real conversations with patients about their allergies and medicine use, and careful reading of the chart make a big difference. Technology helps some, but much comes down to asking questions and double-checking before hitting the button. Rocuronium saves lives—but only when minds stay sharp about who’s getting it and what their body can handle at the time.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | [(2β,3α,5α,16β,17β)-17-Acetoxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-18-oxoandrost-1-en-16-yl]trimethylammonium bromide |
| Other names |
Zemuron
Esmeron ORG 9426 |
| Pronunciation | /ˌrɒk.jʊˈroʊ.ni.əm ˈbroʊ.maɪd/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | (2S,3S,5α,16β,17β)-17-acetoxy-3-hydroxy-2-(1-piperidinyl)-16-(1-propylpyrrolidin-1-ium-2-yl)androstane bromide |
| Other names |
Zemuron
Esmeron |
| Pronunciation | /ˌrɒk.jʊˈroʊ.ni.əm ˈbroʊ.maɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 119302-91-9 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | ``` CCCC(=O)N1[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)[C@H](O)[C@H]2C=C[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2[C@H]3Cc4ccc(OC)c(OC)c4N3C1 ``` |
| Beilstein Reference | 3248734 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:7407 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201197 |
| ChemSpider | 65686 |
| DrugBank | DB00728 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 07b2c3d8-3ce8-4c35-9927-e3a1a99753d8 |
| EC Number | 87233-62-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1303008 |
| KEGG | D08444 |
| MeSH | D000071996 |
| PubChem CID | 6918293 |
| RTECS number | WL1V4R042Z |
| UNII | GX9Z5LQ0FO |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID8014556 |
| CAS Number | 119302-91-9 |
| Beilstein Reference | 2882883 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8273 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201197 |
| ChemSpider | 71336 |
| DrugBank | DB00728 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 03e6ef6f-f30a-4cba-bb66-35e21631ad0c |
| EC Number | 2624-27-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 101023 |
| KEGG | D01220 |
| MeSH | D019689 |
| PubChem CID | 5311066 |
| RTECS number | WL5K59687I |
| UNII | K4W9N6D6WG |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C32H53BrN2O4 |
| Molar mass | 610.831 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -0.77 |
| Vapor pressure | Negligible |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa = 7.2 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.31 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -89.6 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 6.49 D |
| Chemical formula | C32H53BrN2O4 |
| Molar mass | 610.83 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | Density: 1.2 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Freely soluble in water |
| log P | -0.84 |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa = 7.21 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.93 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -72.2e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.572 |
| Dipole moment | 1.98 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 222 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 222 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | M03AC09 |
| ATC code | M03AC09 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Harmful if swallowed. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS05, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Hazard statements: "H302: Harmful if swallowed. H315: Causes skin irritation. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H335: May cause respiratory irritation. |
| Precautionary statements | P201, P273, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (intravenous, mouse): 0.56 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 0.3 mg/kg (intravenous, mouse) |
| PEL (Permissible) | 0.03 mg/m³ |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.6 mg/kg IV |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
| Main hazards | May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. |
| GHS labelling | GHS05, GHS07 |
| Pictograms | GHS07, GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-3-1 Health:1 Flammability:3 Instability:1 |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (mouse, intravenous): 6.36 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 113 mg/kg (intravenous, mouse) |
| NIOSH | NT 8050000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.6 mg/kg |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not listed |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Vecuronium
Pancuronium Atracurium Cisatracurium Mivacurium Doxacurium Pipecuronium Tubocurarine |
| Related compounds |
Vecuronium Bromide
Pancuronium Bromide Atracurium Besylate Cisatracurium Besylate Mivacurium Chloride Doxacurium Chloride Pipecuronium Bromide Gallamine Triethiodide Tubocurarine |
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